How Mammographic Breast Density Affects Radiologists' Visual Search Patterns

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. AL Mousa ◽  
Patrick C. Brennan ◽  
Elaine A. Ryan ◽  
Warwick B. Lee ◽  
Jennifer Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Search Patterns

Effect of mammographic breast density on radiologists' visual search pattern

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana S. Al Mousa ◽  
Patrick C. Brennan ◽  
Elaine A. Ryan ◽  
Warwick B. Lee ◽  
Mariusz W. Pietrzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density

scholarly journals Visual Search and Conflict Mitigation Strategies Used by Expert en Route Air Traffic Controllers

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Ricardo Palma Fraga ◽  
Ziho Kang ◽  
Jerry M. Crutchfield ◽  
Saptarshi Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

The role of the en route air traffic control specialist (ATCS) is vital to maintaining safety and efficiency within the National Airspace System (NAS). ATCSs must vigilantly scan the airspace under their control and adjacent airspaces using an En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) radar display. The intent of this research is to provide an understanding of the expert controller visual search and aircraft conflict mitigation strategies that could be used as scaffolding methods during ATCS training. Interviews and experiments were conducted to elicit visual scanning and conflict mitigation strategies from the retired controllers who were employed as air traffic control instructors. The interview results were characterized and classified using various heuristics. In particular, representative visual scanpaths were identified, which accord with the interview results of the visual search strategies. The highlights of our findings include: (1) participants used systematic search patterns, such as circular, spiral, linear or quadrant-based, to extract operation-relevant information; (2) participants applied an information hierarchy when aircraft information was cognitively processed (altitude -> direction -> speed); (3) altitude or direction changes were generally preferred over speed changes when imminent potential conflicts were mitigated. Potential applications exist in the implementation of the findings into the training curriculum of candidates.

scholarly journals Relationship of mammographic densities to breast cancer risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy A. Ali ◽  
Mariam Raafat
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Mammographic Screening ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Mammographic Densities

Abstract Background Our goal was to find out the relation between mammographic densities and cancer of the breast according to the recent ACR classification. From the medical records of Kasereliny Hospital, 49,409 women were subjected to digital mammography for screening, of which 1500 breast cancer cases were collected. The mammographic categories of breast density were ACR-A, B, C, and D, which were detected by two senior radiologists. All radiological classifications were made using both standard mammographic views bilaterally. Two-sided tests of statistical significance were represented by all the P values. Results From 2014 to 2019, 49,409 women came for digital mammographic screening, their age ranges between 40 and 65, and all of them are included in the study. One thousand cases of breast cancer cases were radiologically and pathologically diagnosed. Different densities were arranged in descending pattern depending on the frequency of positive cases: D (13.7%), C (3.3%), B (2.7%), A (2.2%). There is positive significant risk ratio among every higher mammographic density in comparison to the lower density. Conclusion Our study results show that the risk of breast cancer is in close relation to the mammographic breast density.

scholarly journals Subjective Versus Quantitative Methods of Assessing Breast Density

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdan Alomaim ◽  
Desiree O’Leary ◽  
John Ryan ◽  
Louise Rainford ◽  
Michael Evanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
National Breast ◽  
Busy Clinical Setting

In order to find a consistent, simple and time-efficient method of assessing mammographic breast density (MBD), different methods of assessing density comparing subjective, quantitative, semi-subjective and semi-quantitative methods were investigated. Subjective MBD of anonymized mammographic cases (n = 250) from a national breast-screening programme was rated by 49 radiologists from two countries (UK and USA) who were voluntarily recruited. Quantitatively, three measurement methods, namely VOLPARA, Hand Delineation (HD) and ImageJ (IJ) were used to calculate breast density using the same set of cases, however, for VOLPARA only mammographic cases (n = 122) with full raw digital data were included. The agreement level between methods was analysed using weighted kappa test. Agreement between UK and USA radiologists and VOLPARA varied from moderate (κw = 0.589) to substantial (κw = 0.639), respectively. The levels of agreement between USA, UK radiologists, VOLPARA with IJ were substantial (κw = 0.752, 0.768, 0.603), and with HD the levels of agreement varied from moderate to substantial (κw = 0.632, 0.680, 0.597), respectively. This study found that there is variability between subjective and objective MBD assessment methods, internationally. These results will add to the evidence base, emphasising the need for consistent, simple and time-efficient MBD assessment methods. Additionally, the quickest method to assess density is the subjective assessment, followed by VOLPARA, which is compatible with a busy clinical setting. Moreover, the use of a more limited two-scale system improves agreement levels and could help minimise any potential country bias.

scholarly journals Interactions of alcohol and postmenopausal hormone use in regards to mammographic breast density

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-758
Author(s):  
Lusine Yaghjyan ◽  
Graham Colditz ◽  
Heather Eliassen ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Aleksandra Gasparova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Hormone Use
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