Experimental investigations on the temperature equilibrium process inside a detonation tube operating in a valveless scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Fengguang Tan ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Wang ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Wei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Detonation Tube ◽  
Equilibrium Process ◽  
Temperature Equilibrium

DENSITY DISCONTINUITIES AT THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Winkler ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Medium Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Equilibrium ◽  
Continuous Relation

A technique for measuring densities in various parts of a one- or two-component system, raised above its critical temperature, is described. Considerable improvements over a method for this purpose recently described by one of the writers consist in greater flexibility of manipulation and in making possible a variation in the volume of space confining the medium during the experiment. Propylene and methyl-ether were the two media examined. From the results the following generalizations regarding aberrations from the continuity of state were found to hold for both.When either liquid was heated above the temperature at which the visible meniscus disappeared, the density below this point of disappearance was found to be greater than that above. The density was uniform throughout each portion, undergoing a relatively sharp change in the small region where the meniscus was last seen. After one hour of temperature equilibrium, the difference in density between top and bottom became constant and remained unaltered for six hours. Constant stirring or temperature fluctuations of the order of 0.02 °C. do not alter this density difference. A decrease in the volume available for the medium increases the density difference between the top and bottom, a continuous relation existing between available space and density difference. With decrease in available space, the densities of both upper and lower portions of the medium increase, the density of the lower more rapidly than that of the upper. These results were reproducible quantitatively in the experiments carried out to date. The density difference for a fixed available space decreases with rise in temperature and is measurable up to at least 10 °C. above the critical temperature. A number of miscellaneous experiments are described which form the basis of work now being carried out. The theoretical significance of aberrations from the continuity of state is discussed to the extent warranted by the present stage of the experimental investigations, and tentative conclusions are drawn.

Experimental investigations of the use of cartilage in tympanic membrane reconstruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
T ZAHNERT ◽  
K HUTTENBRINK ◽  
D MURBE ◽  
M BORNITZ
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Experimental Investigations

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE QUANTUM PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT IN InAs-GaSb SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-183-C5-186
Author(s):  
J. BLEUSE ◽  
P. VOISIN ◽  
M. VOOS ◽  
L. L. CHANG ◽  
L. ESAKI
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Semiconductor Superlattices

Evaluation of the accuracy of reconstruction of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of multilayer dielectric coatings by the multi-frequency radio wave method of a slow surface electromagnetic waves

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Kazmin ◽  
Pavel A. Fedjunin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Wave Method ◽  
Dielectric Coatings ◽  
Surface Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Multilayer Dielectric

One of the most important diagnostic problems multilayer dielectric materials and coatings is the development of methods for quantitative interpretation of the checkout results their electrophysical and geometric parameters. The results of a study of the potential informativeness of the multi-frequency radio wave method of surface electromagnetic waves during reconstruction of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of multilayer dielectric coatings are presented. The simulation model is presented that makes it possible to evaluate of the accuracy of reconstruction of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of multilayer dielectric coatings. The model takes into account the values of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of the coating, the noise level in the measurement data and the measurement bandwidth. The results of simulation and experimental investigations of reconstruction of the structure of relative permittivitties and thicknesses of single-layer and double-layer dielectric coatings with different thicknesses, with different values of the standard deviation (RMS) of the noise level in the measured attenuation coefficients of the surface slow electromagnetic wave are presented. Coatings based on the following materials were investigated: polymethyl methacrylate, F-4D PTFE, RO3010. The accuracy of reconstruction of the electrophysical parameters of the layers decreases with an increase in the number of evaluated parameters and an increase in the noise level. The accuracy of the estimates of the electrophysical parameters of the layers also decreases with a decrease in their relative permittivity and thickness. The results of experimental studies confirm the adequacy of the developed simulation model. The presented model allows for a specific measuring complex that implements the multi-frequency radio wave method of surface electromagnetic waves, to quantify the potential possibilities for the accuracy of reconstruction of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of multilayer dielectric materials and coatings. Experimental investigations and simulation results of a multilayer dielectric coating demonstrated the theoretical capabilities gained relative error permittivity and thickness of the individual layers with relative error not greater than 10 %, with a measurement bandwidth of 1 GHz and RMS of noise level 0,003–0,004.

CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A LONG-ACTING OESTRIOL (POLYOESTRIOL PHOSPHATE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lauritzen ◽  
Semih Velibese
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT A description is given of experimental investigations and preliminary clinical experience with the long-acting oestriol compound polyoestriol phosphate – a water-soluble polymere of oestriol and phosphoric acid. The compound seems to exert all the physiologically important effects of oestriol. Even with high doses the hormone causes no proliferation of the endometrium and no withdrawal bleeding. It has no untoward effect on metabolism. It decreases slightly the cholesterol concentration (to the extent of ⅓–⅕ of the effect produced by long-acting oestradiol esters). The compound has a wide therapeutic range. No side-effects have been observed. Doses of 10 mg or more have a prolonged duration. Additional prolongation of the effect is largely dependent on dosage. To ensure an effect lasting for 4 weeks 40 mg polyoestriol phosphate (corresponding with 30 mg oestriol) is required – an amount which roughly corresponds with physiological quantitative data. The compound, which involves an interesting new principle of prolongation, was most effectively used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and genital organic disorders. For these indications it can be recommended without reservation.

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