scholarly journals Approaches to Cost-Effective Near-Net Zero Energy New Homes with Time-of-Use Value of Energy and Battery Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 100018
Author(s):  
Max Wei ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Tianzhen Hong ◽  
Brian Conlon ◽  
Lucy McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Energy Optimization in Net-Zero Energy Building Clusters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Odonkor ◽  
Kemper Lewis ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
Teresa Wu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Energy Optimization

Traditionally viewed as mere energy consumers, buildings have in recent years adapted, capitalizing on smart grid technologies and distributed energy resources to not only efficiently use energy, but to also output energy. This has led to the development of net-zero energy buildings, a concept which encapsulates the synergy of energy efficient buildings, smart grids, and renewable energy utilization to reach a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. This work looks to further expand on this idea, moving beyond just individual buildings and considering net-zero at a community scale. We hypothesize that applying net-zero concepts to building communities, also known as building clusters, instead of individual buildings will result in cost effective building systems which in turn will be resilient to power disruption. To this end, this paper develops an intelligent energy optimization algorithm for demand side energy management, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting cost including comfort, energy price, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, energy storage, weather, and on-site renewable resources. A bi-level operation decision framework is presented to study the energy tradeoffs within the building cluster, with individual building energy optimization on one level and an overall net-zero energy optimization handled on the next level. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of significantly shifting demand, and when viable, reducing the total energy demand within net-zero building clusters. Furthermore, the optimization framework is capable of deriving Pareto solutions for the cluster which provide valuable insight for determining suitable energy strategies.

scholarly journals Investigation of zero energy house design: Principles concepts opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Hasan Ikbal Altintas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
House Design

This research paper examines the concept of zero energy house in details. A lot of literature was revised to define the zero-energy house and identify its application worldwide. Furthermore, several key trends triggered by zero energy houses were reviewed and mentioned to indicate at the importance of this hot topic of 21st century. Besides, issues and challanges facing this concept were discussed. Technological, economical, instiutional barriers are only few of many barriers discussed in this research paper that have huge impacts on the concept of zero energy houses. Later on, two different studies conducted in distinct locations were examined. The first study used TRNSYS building sofware along with the lumped capacitance building model to investigate the thermal performance of net zero energy house for the sub-zero temperature areas. It aimed at creating the net zero cost-effective energy house for the ares with sub-zero weather conditions. The findings have shown that there is a good tendency for the construction of zero energy houses. The second study aimed to design a zero-energy house in Brisbane, Australia by using the EnergyPlus 8.1 building simulation sofware. Energy performance, potential energy savings and financial feasibility of zero energy house was analyzed. After a thorough investigation, results have shown that designing a zero-energy house in Brisbane sounds like an attractive and possible choice. From the financial aspect, it seems that building a zero-energy house would definetely pay off.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND RESILIENCY EVALUATION OF NET-ZERO ENERGY U.S. RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jordan Thompson ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

Abstract In this paper, a resiliency analysis is conducted to assess the energy, economic, and outage survivability benefits of efficient and Net-Zero Energy (NZE) communities. The analysis addresses the design of an energy-efficient and NZE community using Phoenix, Arizona as the primary location. The loads from the baseline, energy-efficient , and NZE single-family homes modeled in BEopt are used to determine load profiles for various residential community types. The photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system sizes necessary for the community to survive a 72-hour power outage are determined using REopt. The economic analysis indicates that it is 43% more cost-effective to install a shared PV plus storage system than to install individual PV plus storage systems in an energy-efficient community. It is found that only a 4% difference in net present cost exists between a PV plus storage system sized for a 24-hour outage and a 144-hour outage. In the event of a community-wide lockdown, the survivability of the energy-efficient community is only 6 hours during a time where plug loads are increased by 50% due to added office electronics. A climate sensitivity analysis is conducted for efficient communities in Naperville, Illinois and Augusta, Maine. The analysis suggests that for a 72-hour power outage starting on the peak demand day and time of the year, the cost of resiliency is higher in climates with more heating and cooling needs as HVAC is consistently the largest load in a residential building.

scholarly journals Main Street Net-Zero Energy Buildings: The Zero Energy Method in Concept and Practice

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Torcellini ◽  
Shanti Pless ◽  
Chad Lobato ◽  
Tom Hootman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Until recently, large-scale, cost-effective net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) were thought to lie decades in the future. However, ongoing work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) indicates that NZEB status is both achievable and repeatable today. This paper presents a definition framework for classifying NZEBs and a real-life example that demonstrates how a large-scale office building can cost-effectively achieve net-zero energy. The vision of NZEBs is compelling. In theory, these highly energy-efficient buildings will produce, during a typical year, enough renewable energy to offset the energy they consume from the grid. The NREL NZEB definition framework classifies NZEBs according to the criteria being used to judge net-zero status and the way renewable energy is supplied to achieve that status. We use the new U.S. Department of Energy/NREL 220,000-ft2 Research Support Facilities (RSF) building to illustrate why a clear picture of NZEB definitions is important and how the framework provides a methodology for creating a cost-effective NZEB. The RSF, scheduled to open in June 2010, includes contractual commitments to deliver a Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Platinum Rating, an energy use intensity of 25 kBtu/ft2 (half that of a typical LEED Platinum office building), and net-zero energy status. We will discuss the analysis method and cost tradeoffs that were performed throughout the design and build phases to meet these commitments and maintain construction costs at $259/ft2. We will discuss ways to achieve large-scale, replicable NZEB performance. Many passive and renewable energy strategies are utilized, including full daylighting, high-performance lighting, natural ventilation through operable windows, thermal mass, transpired solar collectors, radiant heating and cooling, and workstation configurations allow for maximum daylighting. This paper was prepared by the client and design teams, including Paul Torcellini, PhD, PE, Commercial Building Research Group Manager with NREL; Shanti Pless and Chad Lobato, Building Energy Efficiency Research Engineers with NREL; David Okada, PE, LEED AP, Associate with Stantec; and Tom Hootman, AIA, LEED AP, Director of Sustainability with RNL.

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