Effects of rare arable plants on flower-visiting wild bees in agricultural fields

2022 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 107685
Author(s):  
Alina Twerski ◽  
Harald Albrecht ◽  
Jochen Fründ ◽  
Michaela Moosner ◽  
Christina Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Flower Visiting

Diversity of Flower Visiting Insects in Dry Grasslands and Vineyards Close to the City of Vienna with Special Focus on Wild Bees.

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Leonid Rasran ◽  
Alexander Diener ◽  
Baerbel Pachinger ◽  
Karl-Georg Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Oligolectic Bees ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
Natural Grassland

Interactions between flower visiting insects and nectar resp. pollen producing plants belong to the most relevant in terrestrial ecosystems. Their diversity and dominance relationship are important indicators for the stability and functionality of ecosystems and belong to the high ranking ecosystem services. Potential pollinators should be strongly concerned especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on habitats. We studied the diversity and quantities of flower visiting insects with special focus on wild bees (Apiformes) in two locations near the city of Vienna (Austria). Insect sampling occurred in May until July 2015 every two weeks parallel to the vegetation surveys incl. records of the cover of flowering plants. In each location patches of semi-natural grassland as well as flowering strips within vineyards were investigated. We found a significant correlation between the number of insects or insect taxa (especially for Hymenoptera) and the current flower cover. In some cases flowering strips in vineyards harbor higher numbers of insects and higher diversity of bee species than the semi-natural grassland due to temporarily higher values of flower cover. However, grassland patches provide a much more constant supply with nectar producing plants replacing each other in their flowering phase during the season. In contrast, flowering strips are often dominated by one or a few short-lived sown plants, which is of advantage for some oligolectic bees specialized on Brassicaceae or Fabaceae. Flowering strips within organically farmed vineyards are more similar to semi-natural grassland regarding the diversity of flower visiting insects than to conventional farmed vineyards.

scholarly journals One-year-old flower strips already support a quarter of a city’s bee species

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Hofmann ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

To combat the loss of flower-rich meadows, many cities are supporting greening measures, including the creation of flower strips. To assess the effectiveness of these measures in supporting flower-visiting insects, their faunas need to be compared to the background fauna at various distances from the flower strips. To meet this goal, we quantified the bee faunas of nine 1000 m2-large and newly established flower strips in the city of Munich, all planted with a regional seed mix, and compared them to the fauna recorded between 1997 and 2017 within 500, 1000, and 1500 m from the respective strip. The 68 species recorded during the flower strips’ first season represent 21% of the 324 species recorded for Munich since 1795 and 29% of the 232 species recorded between 1997 and 2017. Non-threatened species are statistically over-represented in the strips, but pollen generalists are not. These findings illustrate the conservation value of urban flower strips for common species that apparently quickly discover this food source. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative assessment of the speed and distance over which urban flower strips attract wild bees.

scholarly journals A comunidade de Apoidea (Hymenoptera) da Reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Brasil): 1. Diversidade, abundância relativa e atividade sazonal

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Dem Freitas Bárbola ◽  
Sebastião Laroca
Keyword(s):  
Grand Nombre ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Made In

A comunidade de abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Brasil) foi estudada quanto aos aspectos de diversidade, abundância relativa e fenologia. As coletas de abelhas em flores foram realizadas em intervalos de 10 dias, de maio de 1990 a maio de 1991. Um total de 2.361 indivíduos, pertencentes a 158 espécies das seis famílias que ocorrem no Brasil foram amostrados. Destas, Apidae foi a mais abundante em número de indivíduos (41,7 %), seguida de Halictidae (34,3 %), Anthophoridae (10,0 %), Megachilidae (6,3 %), Andrenidae (6,0 %) e Colletidae (1,7 %). Halictidae (5 %) foi a família mais rica em espécies, seguida de Anthophoridae (25,9 %), Megachilidae (12,6 %), Andrenidae (8,9 %), Colletidae (6,3 %) e Apidae (5,7 %). Observou-se uma elevada proporção de espécies representadas por um ou dois indivíduos e um número reduzido de espécies abundantes, o que concorda com levantamentos realizados em outras áreas. Como tendência fenológica geral, verificou-se um decréscimo na atividade de indivíduos e de espécies durante a época mais fria (inverno). Halictidae, Xylocopinae e Apidae mantiveram-se ativas o ano todo, enquanto que Anthophoridae e Megachilidae interromperam suas atividades no período de inverno. Em Colletidae e Andrenidae não foi possível detectar uma clara sazonalidade, devido ao baixo número de exemplares.AbstractThe community of wild bees (Hymenoptera. Apoidea) in the reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Southern Brazil); was studied. Species diversitv. relalive abundance and phenology were examined. Flower visiting bees were sampled at each ten davs, from May 1990 to May 1991. A total of 2.361 individuaIs of 158 species of six families occurring in Brazil, were captured. The results show the predominance of Apidae in individuals (with 41.7 %), followed by Halictidae (34.3 %). Anthophoridae (10 %), Megachilidae (6.3 %) Andrenidae (6.0 %) and Colletidae (1.7 %). Halictidae was the richest family in species (40.5 % of the tolal), followed by Anthophoridae (25.9 %). Megachilidae (12.6 0%), Andrenidae (8,9 %). Colletidae (6,3 %) and Apidae (5,7 %). Most of the species were uncommon. represented by one or two individuals and a reduced number of species were abundante, similarly to some surveys made in other areas in the southern Brazil. As a general phenologic tendency, a decrease of individuals and species activity during the colder season (Winter) was observed. Halictidae, Xylocopinae and Apidae remained atives the whole year, while Anthophoridae and Megachilidae were absent in the Winter. Due to the small number of individuals it was impossible to detect any phenological trend in Colletidae and Andrenidae.RésuméIls sont etudiés à reserva Passa Dois, Lapa. Paraná. sud du Brésil, l’activités sazonales. diversité et abondance relatif d’Apoidea, pendant le periode de mai 1990 à mai 1991. Ces échantillons sont constitués de 2.361 individus qu’appartienent à 158 espàces et montrent la predominance de Halictidae (40,5 %), suivi par Anthophoridae (25,9 %). Megachilidae (12,6 %) Andrenidae (8,9 %). Colletidae (6,3 %) et Apidae (5,7 %). La distríbution des fréquences montrent un grand nombre d’espêces rares, comme est observé en les échantillons des autres localités du sud du Brésil, Comme une tendance phénologique générale, il y a une dépression des activités pendant l’hiver. Halictidae, Xylocopinae et Apidae sont actives tout l’année, pendant qu’Anthophoridae et Megachilidae n’ont pas activité pendant l’hiver. A cause de petit nombre des Colletidae et Andrenidae collectés n’est pas possible montres quelconque tendance phénologique dans ces groups.

Orchestrated Flowering and Interspecific Facilitation: Key Factors in the Maintenance of the Main Pollinator of Coexisting Threatened Species of Andean Wax Palms (Ceroxylon spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Javier Carreño-Barrera ◽  
Luis Alberto Núñez-Avellaneda ◽  
Maria José Sanín ◽  
Artur Campos D. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Flower Visiting

Solitary, dioecious, and mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests, wax palms (Ceroxylon Bonpl. ex DC. spp.) are currently under worrisome conservation status. The establishment of management plans for their dwindling populations rely on detailed biological data, including their reproductive ecology. As in the case of numerous other Neotropical palm taxa, small beetles are assumed to be selective pollinators of wax palms, but their identity and relevance in successful fruit yield were unknown. During three consecutive reproductive seasons we collected data on population phenology and reproductive and floral biology of three syntopic species of wax palms native to the Colombian Andes. We also determined the composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, quantifying the extent of the role of individual species as effective pollinators through standardized value indexes that take into consideration abundance, constancy, and pollen transport efficiency. The studied populations of C. parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl., C. ventricosum Burret, and C. vogelianum (Engel) H. Wendl. exhibit seasonal reproductive cycles with marked temporal patterns of flower and fruit production. The composition of the associated flower-visiting entomofauna, comprised by ca. 50 morphotypes, was constant across flowering seasons and differed only marginally among species. Nonetheless, a fraction of the insect species associated with pistillate inflorescences actually carried pollen, and calculated pollinator importance indexes demonstrated that one insect species alone, Mystrops rotundula Sharp, accounted for 94%–99% of the effective pollination services for all three species of wax palms. The sequential asynchronous flowering of C. parvifrons, C. ventricosum, and C. vogelianum provides an abundant and constant supply of pollen, pivotal for the maintenance of large populations of their shared pollinators, a cooperative strategy proven effective by high fruit yield rates (up to 79%). Reproductive success might be compromised for all species by the population decline of one of them, as it would tamper with the temporal orchestration of pollen offer.

Applications of Algal Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Therapeutic and Agricultural Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Bouissil ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi ◽  
Philippe Michaud ◽  
C. El Modafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer

Background: Recently, researchers have given more and more consideration to natural polysaccharides thanks to their huge properties such as stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility for food and therapeutics applications. Methods: a number of enzymatic and chemical processes were performed to generate bioactive molecules, such as low molecular weight fractions and oligosaccharides derivatives from algal polysaccharides. Results: These considerable characteristics allow algal polysaccharides and their derivatives such as low molecular weight polymers and oligosaccharides structures to have great potential to be used in lots of domains, such as pharmaceutics and agriculture etc. Conclusion: The present review describes the mains polysaccharides structures from Algae and focuses on the currents agricultural (fertilizer, bio-elicitor, stimulators, signaling molecules and activators) and pharmaceutical (wound dressing, tissues engineering and drugs delivery) applications by using polysaccharides and/or their oligosaccharides derivatives obtained by chemical, physical and enzymatic processes.

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