Community structure and diversity of vegetation and flower-visiting wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in sandy dry grassland: are there congruent characteristics?

Social wasps play important ecological roles, such as the natural biological control of other arthropods as well as major components of the flower-visiting insect guild. Despite many studies focusing on the survey of these organisms in Brazil, information on the community structure of polistines in anthropized environmets is still rare. The goals of the present study were: i) to survey the social wasp fauna in an anthropized area in the transition of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest; ii) to investigate the efficiency of two sampling methods, namely active search for wasps and the use of attractive traps; iii) to investigate the performance of different attractive baits in the capture success of social wasps in the study area. Sampling of social wasps was conducted by actively searching for individuals and by using attractive traps. A total of 40 species was recorded, with Agelaia multipicta and Agelaia vicina species being the most frequently collected with attractive traps and Mischocyttarus cassununga by actively searching for wasps. In all analyses performed (except when comparing abundance of social wasps considering the molasses bait and the active search), actively searching for wasps was the best method. This is also highlighted by the fact that the time spent actively capturing polistines was considerably lower than the time (and costs) that the traps were left in the field. Active search, as demonstrated by previous studies, remains as the best capturing methodology when surveying Neotropical social wasps, either in natural or anthropized environments.

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Diversity of Flower Visiting Insects in Dry Grasslands and Vineyards Close to the City of Vienna with Special Focus on Wild Bees.

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v65i4.3370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Leonid Rasran ◽

Alexander Diener ◽

Baerbel Pachinger ◽

Karl-Georg Bernhardt

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Special Focus ◽

Wild Bees ◽

Vegetation Surveys ◽

Oligolectic Bees ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

The Stability ◽

The City ◽

Natural Grassland

Interactions between flower visiting insects and nectar resp. pollen producing plants belong to the most relevant in terrestrial ecosystems. Their diversity and dominance relationship are important indicators for the stability and functionality of ecosystems and belong to the high ranking ecosystem services. Potential pollinators should be strongly concerned especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on habitats. We studied the diversity and quantities of flower visiting insects with special focus on wild bees (Apiformes) in two locations near the city of Vienna (Austria). Insect sampling occurred in May until July 2015 every two weeks parallel to the vegetation surveys incl. records of the cover of flowering plants. In each location patches of semi-natural grassland as well as flowering strips within vineyards were investigated. We found a significant correlation between the number of insects or insect taxa (especially for Hymenoptera) and the current flower cover. In some cases flowering strips in vineyards harbor higher numbers of insects and higher diversity of bee species than the semi-natural grassland due to temporarily higher values of flower cover. However, grassland patches provide a much more constant supply with nectar producing plants replacing each other in their flowering phase during the season. In contrast, flowering strips are often dominated by one or a few short-lived sown plants, which is of advantage for some oligolectic bees specialized on Brassicaceae or Fabaceae. Flowering strips within organically farmed vineyards are more similar to semi-natural grassland regarding the diversity of flower visiting insects than to conventional farmed vineyards.

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Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity

10.22541/au.163428515.53420959/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kolja Bergholz ◽

Lara-Pauline Sittel ◽

Michael Ristow ◽

Florian Jeltsch ◽

Lina Weiss

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Landscape Heterogeneity ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Wild Bees ◽

Dry Grassland ◽

Land Use Intensification ◽

Ne Germany ◽

Local Plant ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Positive Effect

Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees (specialists) and hoverflies (generalists), respond to different land-use intensification measures, i.e. arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH) and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60-3000m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140-400m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500-3000m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverflies abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of both guilds. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification seems to be highly landscape-specific.

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One-year-old flower strips already support a quarter of a city’s bee species

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.75.47507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michaela M. Hofmann ◽

Susanne S. Renner

Keyword(s):

Threatened Species ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Food Source ◽

Common Species ◽

Conservation Value ◽

Wild Bees ◽

The Creation ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

One Year ◽

The City

To combat the loss of flower-rich meadows, many cities are supporting greening measures, including the creation of flower strips. To assess the effectiveness of these measures in supporting flower-visiting insects, their faunas need to be compared to the background fauna at various distances from the flower strips. To meet this goal, we quantified the bee faunas of nine 1000 m2-large and newly established flower strips in the city of Munich, all planted with a regional seed mix, and compared them to the fauna recorded between 1997 and 2017 within 500, 1000, and 1500 m from the respective strip. The 68 species recorded during the flower strips’ first season represent 21% of the 324 species recorded for Munich since 1795 and 29% of the 232 species recorded between 1997 and 2017. Non-threatened species are statistically over-represented in the strips, but pollen generalists are not. These findings illustrate the conservation value of urban flower strips for common species that apparently quickly discover this food source. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative assessment of the speed and distance over which urban flower strips attract wild bees.

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A comunidade de Apoidea (Hymenoptera) da Reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Brasil): 1. Diversidade, abundância relativa e atividade sazonal

Acta Biológica Paranaense ◽

10.5380/abpr.v22i0.730 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivana Dem Freitas Bárbola ◽

Sebastião Laroca

Keyword(s):

Grand Nombre ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Wild Bees ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Il Y A ◽

Species Activity ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Made In

A comunidade de abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Brasil) foi estudada quanto aos aspectos de diversidade, abundância relativa e fenologia. As coletas de abelhas em flores foram realizadas em intervalos de 10 dias, de maio de 1990 a maio de 1991. Um total de 2.361 indivíduos, pertencentes a 158 espécies das seis famílias que ocorrem no Brasil foram amostrados. Destas, Apidae foi a mais abundante em número de indivíduos (41,7 %), seguida de Halictidae (34,3 %), Anthophoridae (10,0 %), Megachilidae (6,3 %), Andrenidae (6,0 %) e Colletidae (1,7 %). Halictidae (5 %) foi a família mais rica em espécies, seguida de Anthophoridae (25,9 %), Megachilidae (12,6 %), Andrenidae (8,9 %), Colletidae (6,3 %) e Apidae (5,7 %). Observou-se uma elevada proporção de espécies representadas por um ou dois indivíduos e um número reduzido de espécies abundantes, o que concorda com levantamentos realizados em outras áreas. Como tendência fenológica geral, verificou-se um decréscimo na atividade de indivíduos e de espécies durante a época mais fria (inverno). Halictidae, Xylocopinae e Apidae mantiveram-se ativas o ano todo, enquanto que Anthophoridae e Megachilidae interromperam suas atividades no período de inverno. Em Colletidae e Andrenidae não foi possível detectar uma clara sazonalidade, devido ao baixo número de exemplares.AbstractThe community of wild bees (Hymenoptera. Apoidea) in the reserva Passa Dois (Lapa, Paraná, Southern Brazil); was studied. Species diversitv. relalive abundance and phenology were examined. Flower visiting bees were sampled at each ten davs, from May 1990 to May 1991. A total of 2.361 individuaIs of 158 species of six families occurring in Brazil, were captured. The results show the predominance of Apidae in individuals (with 41.7 %), followed by Halictidae (34.3 %). Anthophoridae (10 %), Megachilidae (6.3 %) Andrenidae (6.0 %) and Colletidae (1.7 %). Halictidae was the richest family in species (40.5 % of the tolal), followed by Anthophoridae (25.9 %). Megachilidae (12.6 0%), Andrenidae (8,9 %). Colletidae (6,3 %) and Apidae (5,7 %). Most of the species were uncommon. represented by one or two individuals and a reduced number of species were abundante, similarly to some surveys made in other areas in the southern Brazil. As a general phenologic tendency, a decrease of individuals and species activity during the colder season (Winter) was observed. Halictidae, Xylocopinae and Apidae remained atives the whole year, while Anthophoridae and Megachilidae were absent in the Winter. Due to the small number of individuals it was impossible to detect any phenological trend in Colletidae and Andrenidae.RésuméIls sont etudiés à reserva Passa Dois, Lapa. Paraná. sud du Brésil, lactivités sazonales. diversité et abondance relatif dApoidea, pendant le periode de mai 1990 à mai 1991. Ces échantillons sont constitués de 2.361 individus quappartienent à 158 espàces et montrent la predominance de Halictidae (40,5 %), suivi par Anthophoridae (25,9 %). Megachilidae (12,6 %) Andrenidae (8,9 %). Colletidae (6,3 %) et Apidae (5,7 %). La distríbution des fréquences montrent un grand nombre despêces rares, comme est observé en les échantillons des autres localités du sud du Brésil, Comme une tendance phénologique générale, il y a une dépression des activités pendant lhiver. Halictidae, Xylocopinae et Apidae sont actives tout lannée, pendant quAnthophoridae et Megachilidae nont pas activité pendant lhiver. A cause de petit nombre des Colletidae et Andrenidae collectés nest pas possible montres quelconque tendance phénologique dans ces groups.

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STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽

10.33373/sim-bio.v3i2.282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽

Ramses Ramses ◽

Mulhairi Mulhairi

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Algal Species ◽

Algal Communities ◽

Marine Life ◽

Ph Values ◽

Abundance Patterns ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

Temperature Parameter ◽

Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

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