Rules for grown soybean-maize cropping system in Midwestern Brazil: Food production and economic profits

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 102850
Author(s):  
Rafael Battisti ◽  
Marcelo Dias Paes Ferreira ◽  
Érica Basílio Tavares ◽  
Fábio Miguel Knapp ◽  
Fabiani Denise Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Cropping System

scholarly journals Energy and the food system

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2991-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Woods ◽  
Adrian Williams ◽  
John K. Hughes ◽  
Mairi Black ◽  
Richard Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Food System ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The 1960S

Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on fossil resources. Both direct energy use for crop management and indirect energy use for fertilizers, pesticides and machinery production have contributed to the major increases in food production seen since the 1960s. However, the relationship between energy inputs and yields is not linear. Low-energy inputs can lead to lower yields and perversely to higher energy demands per tonne of harvested product. At the other extreme, increasing energy inputs can lead to ever-smaller yield gains. Although fossil fuels remain the dominant source of energy for agriculture, the mix of fuels used differs owing to the different fertilization and cultivation requirements of individual crops. Nitrogen fertilizer production uses large amounts of natural gas and some coal, and can account for more than 50 per cent of total energy use in commercial agriculture. Oil accounts for between 30 and 75 per cent of energy inputs of UK agriculture, depending on the cropping system. While agriculture remains dependent on fossil sources of energy, food prices will couple to fossil energy prices and food production will remain a significant contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Technological developments, changes in crop management, and renewable energy will all play important roles in increasing the energy efficiency of agriculture and reducing its reliance of fossil resources.

scholarly journals Diversified crop rotations enhance groundwater and economic sustainability of food production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Yang ◽  
Tammo Steenhuis ◽  
Kyle Davis ◽  
Wopke van der Werf ◽  
Coen Ritsema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Earth’s water resources are critical for supporting livelihoods and food security but are being increasingly overexploited to support global agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems could potentially resolve unsustainable water use but trade-offs with other aspects of sustainability and food security have not yet been assessed. We perform a detailed meta-analysis to systematically compare 31 different crop rotations in China– in terms of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), effect on groundwater depth, grain yield, economic output, and water use efficiency (WUE) – and identify configurations that can achieve co-benefits across multiple dimensions. We find that a combination of lowering the cropping index (i.e., harvest frequency), incorporating fallow periods, and introducing higher value crops into the currently dominant winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system can reduce growing season ETa by as much as 31%, mitigate groundwater decline by 19% or more, and increased economic output and economic WUE by more than 11% and 3%, respectively. We also find that multiple diversified wheat-maize–based rotations– all with rotation lengths greater than two years– achieve co-benefits across all evaluated dimensions. This study provides new empirical evidence of the opportunities for diversified crop rotations to balance the multiple objectives of food production, sustainable groundwater use and farmer profitability. Extending this solution to other water-stressed agricultural regions could be an effective strategy in achieving more sustainable food production globally.

scholarly journals Cropping system diversification for food production in Mindanao rubber plantations: A rice cultivar mixture and rice intercropped with mungbean

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fe Hondrade ◽  
Edwin Hondrade ◽  
Lianqing Zheng ◽  
Francisco Elazegui ◽  
JLE Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Rice Bug

Including food production in non-food systems, such as rubber plantations and biofuel or bioenergy crops, may contribute to household food security. We evaluated the potential for use of rice, mungbean, rice cultivar mixtures, and rice intercropped with mungbean in experiments planted in young rubber plantations in the Arakan Valley of Mindanao. Rice mixtures consisted of two- or three-row strips of cultivar Dinorado, a cultivar with higher value but lower yield, and high-yielding cultivar UPL Ri-5. Rice and mungbean intercropping treatments consisted of different combinations of two- or three-row strips of rice and mungbean. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the yield of each crop alone and in the mixture or intercropping treatments, as well as a land equivalent ratio for yield, and weed biomass, the severity of panicle blast, brown spot, and brown leaf spot, and rice bug abundance. We also analyzed the yield ranking of each cropping system across site-year combinations to determine mean relative performance and yield stability. When weighted by their relative economic value, UPL Ri-5 had the highest mean performance, but with decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. A rice and mungbean intercropping system had the second highest performance, tied with high-value Dinorado but without decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. Rice and mungbean intercropped with rubber have been adapted by farmers in the Arakan Valley.

scholarly journals Potential of Technosols Created with Urban By-Products for Rooftop Edible Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Baptiste J-P. Grard ◽  
Nastaran Manouchehri ◽  
Christine Aubry ◽  
Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste ◽  
Claire Chenu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
Rooftop Farming ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals ◽  
By Products

Urban agriculture is sprouting throughout the world nowadays. New forms of urban agriculture are observed such as rooftop farming. In the case of low-tech rooftop farming projects, based on recycled urban waste, one of the key issues is the type of substrate used, as it determines the functions and ecosystem services delivered by the green roof. Using a five year experimental trial, we quantified the food production potential of Technosols created only with urban wastes (green waste compost, crushed wood, spent mushroom), as well as the soil fertility and the potential contamination of food products. Regarding food production, our cropping system showed promising results across the five years, in relation with the high fertility of the Technosols. This fertility was maintained, as well as the nutrients stocks after five cropping years. Most of the edible crops had trace metals contents below existing norms for toxic trace metals with nevertheless a concern regarding certain some trace metals such as Zn and Cu. There was no trace metal accumulation in the Technosols over time except for Zn. This study confirmed that constructing Technosols only from urban wastes is a suitable and efficient solution to design rooftops for edible production.

scholarly journals Contribution, Utilization, and Improvement of Legumes-Driven Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Agricultural Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erana Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Legumes improve soil fertility through the symbiotic association with microorganisms, such as rhizobia, which fix the atmospheric nitrogen and make nitrogen available to the host and other crops by a process known as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Legumes included in the cropping system improve the fertility of the soil and the yield of crops. The advantages of legumes in the cropping system are explained in terms of direct nitrogen transfer, residual fixed nitrogen, nutrient availability and uptake, effect on soil properties, breaking of pests' cycles, and enhancement of other soil microbial activity. The best benefits from the legumes and BNF system can be utilized by integrating them into cropping systems. The most common practices to integrate legumes and their associated BNF into agricultural systems are crop rotation, simultaneous intercropping, improved fallows, green manuring, and alley cropping. However, the level of utilizing nitrogen fixation requires improvement of the systems, such as selecting appropriate legume genotypes, inoculation with effective rhizobia, and the use of appropriate agronomic practices and cropping systems. Therefore, using legumes at their maximum genetic potential, inoculation of legumes with compatible rhizobia, and using appropriate agronomic practices and cropping systems are very important for increasing food production. Importantly, the utilization of legumes as an integral component of agricultural practice in promoting agricultural productivity has gained more traction in meeting the demand of food production of the world populace. Priority should, thus, be given to value the process of BNF through more sustainable technologies and expansion of knowledge to the system.

scholarly journals Cropping system diversification for food production in Mindanao rubber plantations: A rice cultivar mixture and rice intercropped with mungbean

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fe Hondrade ◽  
Edwin Hondrade ◽  
Lianqing Zheng ◽  
Francisco Elazegui ◽  
JLE Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Rice Bug

Including food production in non-food systems, such as rubber plantations and biofuel or bioenergy crops, may contribute to household food security. We evaluated the potential for use of rice, mungbean, rice cultivar mixtures, and rice intercropped with mungbean in experiments planted in young rubber plantations in the Arakan Valley of Mindanao. Rice mixtures consisted of two- or three-row strips of cultivar Dinorado, a cultivar with higher value but lower yield, and high-yielding cultivar UPL Ri-5. Rice and mungbean intercropping treatments consisted of different combinations of two- or three-row strips of rice and mungbean. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the yield of each crop alone and in the mixture or intercropping treatments, as well as a land equivalent ratio for yield, and weed biomass, the severity of panicle blast, brown spot, and brown leaf spot, and rice bug abundance. We also analyzed the yield ranking of each cropping system across site-year combinations to determine mean relative performance and yield stability. When weighted by their relative economic value, UPL Ri-5 had the highest mean performance, but with decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. A rice and mungbean intercropping system had the second highest performance, tied with high-value Dinorado but without decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. Rice and mungbean intercropped with rubber have been adapted by farmers in the Arakan Valley.

scholarly journals Cropping system diversification for food production in Mindanao rubber plantations: a rice cultivar mixture and rice intercropped with mungbean

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fe Hondrade ◽  
Edwin Hondrade ◽  
Lianqing Zheng ◽  
Francisco Elazegui ◽  
Jo-Anne Lynne Joy E. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Rubber Plantations

Including food production in non-food systems, such as rubber plantations and biofuel or bioenergy crops, may contribute to household food security. We evaluated the potential for planting rice, mungbean, rice cultivar mixtures, and rice intercropped with mungbean in young rubber plantations in experiments in the Arakan Valley of Mindanao in the Philippines. Rice mixtures consisted of two- or three-row strips of cultivar Dinorado, a cultivar with higher value but lower yield, and high-yielding cultivar UPL Ri-5. Rice and mungbean intercropping treatments consisted of different combinations of two- or three-row strips of rice and mungbean. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the yield of each crop alone and in the mixture or intercropping treatments. We also evaluated a land equivalent ratio for yield, along with weed biomass (whereAgeratum conyzoideswas particularly abundant), the severity of disease caused byMagnaporthe oryzaeandCochliobolus miyabeanus, and rice bug (Leptocorisa acuta) abundance. We analyzed the yield ranking of each cropping system across site-year combinations to determine mean relative performance and yield stability. When weighted by their relative economic value, UPL Ri-5 had the highest mean performance, but with decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. A rice and mungbean intercropping system had the second highest performance, tied with high-value Dinorado but without decreasing relative performance in low-yielding environments. Rice and mungbean intercropped with rubber have been adopted by farmers in the Arakan Valley.

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