Effect of cyanide-degrading bacteria inoculation on performance, rumen fermentation characteristics of sheep fed bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf meal

ABSTRAK Daun singkong pahit (Manihot esculenta)memiliki kandungan antinutrisi berupa asam sianida (HCN) yang tinggi, namun HCN dapat di degradasi dengan bakteri rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakteristik produk dan efektivitas enkapsulasi bakteri pendegradasi sianida dengan masa simpan (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28 hari) pada suhu ruang. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakteristik produk dan viabilitas bakteri pendegradasi sianida terenkapsulasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan program SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan warna dan bentuk dari produk hasil enkapsulasi. Penyimpanan produk enkapsulasi bakteri pendegradasi sianida selama 3 hari tidak mempengaruhiviabilitas bakteri dibandingkan kontrol. Namun demikian semakin lama penyimpanan produk enkapsulasi bakteri sampai hari ke 28 nyata menurunkan (P<0.05) viabilitas bakteri.Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan teknik enkapsulasi dapat mempertahankan viabilitas bakteri pendegradasi sianida. Kata kunci: bakteri pendegradasi sianida, karakteristik produk, penyimpanan,viabilitas ABSTRACT Bitter cassava leaves have high antinutrients in the form of cyanide acid (HCN), but HCN can be degraded with rumen bacteria. This research aimed to observe the product characteristics and the effectivity of cyanide degradation bacteria capsulation with different length of storages (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28 days)in the room temperature. The observed variables were product characteristics and viability of cyanide degrading bacteriacapsulation. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 16.0 program. The results showed that storages duration affected the color and shape of cyanide degradation bacteria capsulation products. The storage of capsulated HCN degrading bacteria up to 3 days did not affect the viability of bacteria compared to the control treatment. However, the longer storage of capsulated bacteria up to 28 days, significant decreased (P<0.05) the viability of the bacteria. It is concluded that capsulation of cyanide degrading bacteria could maintain the viability of bacteria. Keywords: cyanide degradation bacterial, product characteristics, storage, viability

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Modification of wikau maombo flour from sweet cassava (Manihot utillisima) and bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with annealing method

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/782/3/032071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 782 (3) ◽

pp. 032071

Author(s):

S Wahyuni ◽

Sarinah ◽

A Khaeruni ◽

N D P Dewi ◽

Asnani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Bitter Cassava ◽

Annealing Method ◽

Sweet Cassava

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Genetic architecture and gene mapping of cyanide in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)

10.1101/2020.06.19.159160 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex C Ogbonna ◽

Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽

Ismail Y. Rabbi ◽

Lukas A. Mueller ◽

Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Mapping ◽

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Allelic Variation ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Bitter Cassava

AbstractCassava is a root crop originating from South America and a major staple crop in the Tropics, including marginal environments. In this study, we focused on South American and African cassava germplasm and investigated the genetic architecture of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), a major component of tuber quality. HCN is a plant defense component against herbivory but also toxic for human consumption. We genotyped 3,354 landraces and modern breeding lines originating from 26 Brazilian states and 1,389 individuals were phenotypically characterized across multi-year trials for HCN. All plant material was subjected to high density genotyping using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We performed genome wide association mapping (GWAS) to characterize the genetic architecture and gene mapping of HCN. Field experiment revealed strong broad and narrow-sense trait heritability (0.82 and 0.41 respectively). Two major loci were identified, encoding for an ATPase and a MATE protein and contributing up to 7% and 30% of the cyanide concentration in roots, respectively. We developed diagnostic markers for breeding applications, validated trait architecture consistency in African germplasm and investigated further evidence for domestication of sweet and bitter cassava. Fine genomic loci characterization indicate; (i) a major role played by vacuolar transporter in regulating HCN content, (ii) co-domestication of sweet and bitter cassava major alleles to be geographical zone dependant, and (ii) major loci allele for high cyanide cassava in Manihot esculenta Crantz seems to originate from its ancestor, M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia. Taken together these findings expand insights on cyanide in cassava and its glycosylated derivatives in plants.One-sentence summaryIdentification of an intracellular transporter gene and its allelic variation allow to point out cultivars with up to 30 percent decrease in cassava root cyanide content, toxic for human consumption.

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