Modification of wikau maombo flour from sweet cassava (Manihot utillisima) and bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with annealing method

AbstractCassava is a root crop originating from South America and a major staple crop in the Tropics, including marginal environments. In this study, we focused on South American and African cassava germplasm and investigated the genetic architecture of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), a major component of tuber quality. HCN is a plant defense component against herbivory but also toxic for human consumption. We genotyped 3,354 landraces and modern breeding lines originating from 26 Brazilian states and 1,389 individuals were phenotypically characterized across multi-year trials for HCN. All plant material was subjected to high density genotyping using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We performed genome wide association mapping (GWAS) to characterize the genetic architecture and gene mapping of HCN. Field experiment revealed strong broad and narrow-sense trait heritability (0.82 and 0.41 respectively). Two major loci were identified, encoding for an ATPase and a MATE protein and contributing up to 7% and 30% of the cyanide concentration in roots, respectively. We developed diagnostic markers for breeding applications, validated trait architecture consistency in African germplasm and investigated further evidence for domestication of sweet and bitter cassava. Fine genomic loci characterization indicate; (i) a major role played by vacuolar transporter in regulating HCN content, (ii) co-domestication of sweet and bitter cassava major alleles to be geographical zone dependant, and (ii) major loci allele for high cyanide cassava in Manihot esculenta Crantz seems to originate from its ancestor, M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia. Taken together these findings expand insights on cyanide in cassava and its glycosylated derivatives in plants.One-sentence summaryIdentification of an intracellular transporter gene and its allelic variation allow to point out cultivars with up to 30 percent decrease in cassava root cyanide content, toxic for human consumption.

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Manganese fertilization for sweet cassava production under organic management system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5066133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Giuliano Marchi ◽

Josefino de Freitas Fialho ◽

Thomaz Adolpho Rein ◽

João de Deus Gomes dos Santos Junior ◽

Eduardo Alano Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Federal District ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Yield ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Organic Management ◽

Cassava Production ◽

Combination Of Methods ◽

Sweet Cassava

ABSTRACT Organic management farms in the Federal District, Brazil, usually present overlimed and overfertilized soils, with high content of organic matter and high pH. These conditions lead to a low availability of manganese to crops. Many sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) crops were diagnosed with Mn deficiency in the region, presenting low yields. In order to overcome such condition, an experiment was established comprising the following treatments: application of MnSO4 banded in rows; treatment of cassava cuttings with a MnSO4 solution before planting; application of MnSO4 and elemental sulfur (S0) banded in the rows, to acidify the soil, increasing the Mn solubility; and leaf spraying of a Mn solution. The best results were revealed when the Mn was applied by foliar spraying and using a combination of methods (treatment of cassava cuttings with Mn, and Mn and S0 applied to the soil before planting). This treatments provided a fresh root yield of 19.5 Mg ha-1, contrasting with the control treatment (3.6 Mg ha-1).

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Effect of cyanide-degrading bacteria inoculation on performance, rumen fermentation characteristics of sheep fed bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf meal

Annals of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.aoas.2021.09.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Sri Suharti ◽

Hafni Oktafia ◽

Asep Sudarman ◽

Myunggi Baik ◽

Komang Gede Wiryawan

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Bitter Cassava

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PHÂN TÍCH TƯƠNG TÁC PROTEIN VÀ MỨC ĐỘ BIỂU HIỆN GIỮA CÁC YẾU TỐ NHÂN Y Ở CÂY SẮN (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) BẰNG CÔNG CỤ TIN SINH HỌC

BÁO CÁO KHOA HỌC VỀ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ GIẢNG DẠY SINH HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM - PROCEEDING OF THE 4TH NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TEACHING IN VIETNAM ◽

10.15625/vap.2020.00053 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lê Thị Ngọc Quỳnh

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz

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CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

Revista Acta Ambiental Catarinense ◽

10.24021/raac.v13i1.3296 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽

Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽

Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽

Suzymeire BARONI ◽

Vanessa Silva RETUCI

Keyword(s):

Manihot Esculenta ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

White Variety ◽

Mean Values ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

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