Seleksi Mutan Tanaman Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) Tahan Kutu Loncat terhadap Lingkungan Kering pada Rumah Kaca

Forage is the main source of feed for ruminants. Forage consists of two types, namely grass and legumes. Leguminosa is a type of forage as a source of protein. One type of legume that is well known by breeders in Indonesia is lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba). This study was aimed to produce candidate mutants of lamtoro drought resistant to acid stress conditions. The experiment in this study used an unbalanced completely randomized design with 6 treatments of 740 different replications based on different sources of lamtoro plant mutants at different levels (P0: 0 n= 89, P1: 100 gy n= 82, P2: 200 gy n= 153, P3:300 gy n=120, P4: 400 gy n= 244, P5: 500 gy n= 52). Variables observed included plant height, number of stalks, leaf loss and stem diameter. The results showed that lamtoro plants irradiated with gamma rays at a level of 200 gy-500 gy were significantly higher than 100 gy irradiation at 10 and 12 days watering, but the diameter of the plants was larger at 100 gy irradiation. It can be watering intervals of 10 days and 12 days on the parameters of height and stem diameter showed that gamma rays irradiation of 400 gy resulted in dry-resistant lamtoro mutant candidates under acid stress condition. Key words: gamma rays, lamtoro mutant, watering interval

Produksi Dan Kualitas Jerami Padi Sumber Hijauan Pakan Dengan Waktu Panen Dan Dosis Pupuk Berbeda

This study was aimed to analyze the fertilizer dosage and harvest age in Ciherang rice varieties to increase the rice straw production and quality. This study used a block randomized design with 3 x 4 blocks divided based on harvest age H1 = 114 days, H2 = 118 days and H3 = 122 days. The treatment was fertilizer dose level which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 (control) = Urea 55 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g, P1= Urea 63,25 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g, P2= Urea 71,50 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g dan P3= Urea 79,75 g+SP-36 5 g+KCl 6 g. The variables observed were straw production, grain production, filled grain production, empty grain production, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that P3 was significantly (p< 0.05) the highest among fertilizer dose level treatments on the straw production (27.63 tons ha-1), filled grain production (5.52 tons ha-1), and reduced empty grain (0.15 tons ha-1). The Quality of rice straw were CP 7.49%, CF 20.35%, ADF 55.03 %). While at harvest age, H1 was significantly (p< 0.05) the highest among harvest ages treatments on the variables of straw production 28.18%, empty grain production 0.21 tons ha-1) and NDF 69.11%. It can be concluded that the best fertilizer dosage was an addition of urea by 45% with harvesting age of 114 days. Key words: fertilizer, harvest age, production, quality, rice straw

Potensi Produksi dan Mutu Benih serta Produksi Biomassa Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 2 pada Umur Panen Berbeda sebagai Bahan Pakan

Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2 can be used as raw material in silage production for ruminant feed. The problem encountered is the difficulty of obtaining certified seeds for commercial sorghum production. So that is necessary to do this research to investigate potential sorghum seed production and its quality of Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2. The study was conducted at University Research Station-Jonggol Animal Education and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Five individual plants were taken to measure the variables at each treatment set. The treatments consisted of different harvesting times, namely P95 (harvested 95 days after planting), P100, P105 and P110. The variables observed were dry weight of shelled seeds, seed weight per panicle, weight of panicle stalk, panicle weight, seed production per ha, seed moisture content, seed viability test, and shoot biomass production per ha. The results showed that seed production per ha, panicle dry matter weight, fresh seed moisture content, panicle stalk dry weight was not significantly different. Dry weight of shelled seeds, dry weight of seeds per panicle, panicle dry weight, seed viability, weight of biomass per ha were significantly different (p<0.05). The potential for the production of shelled seeds, dry matter of seeds per panicle was the best in the P105 and P110, the viability of the seeds in the P105 and shoot biomass production per ha in the P105. The potential for shelled seed production (4038 kg ha-1), seed dry weight per panicle (54.87 g panicle-1), seed viability (92.8%) and the best biomass production (55.88 tons ha-1) were in treatment P105. Key words: seed production, shoot biomass, Sorghum bicolor, viability

Aklimatisasi dan Respon Pertumbuhan Mutan Leucaena Leucocephala Varietas Tarramba Teradaptasi Asam

Acclimatization is the final stage of plant propagation in tissue culture techniques that can determine the success of the nursery process. This study aimed to observe the growth response during the acclimatization stage of the acid-adapted of Leucaena leucocephala Tarramba variety, which developed from tissue culture techniques. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with the cultivation of 11 mutant lines from tissue culture, namely M1-M11 (an acid-adapted mutant from tissue culture addition of 1 ppm IBA) and 2 controls (lamtoro broodstock without gamma irradiation) namely K0 (lamtoro broodstock resulting from tissue culture addition of 0 ppm IBA), K1 (breeding lamtoro from tissue culture addition of 1 ppm IBA). The variables observed were the level of plant viability, plant height, and number of leaves. The results showed that the acclimatization of the plant Leucaena leucocephala to tissue culture production on the M3 and M9 mutant lines gave the best response to plant morphological growth up to 5 WAP (weeks after planting). Key words: acclimatization, IBA hormone, Leucaena leucocephala, tissue culture

Kecernaan Nutrien dan Status Fisiologis Domba Akhir Kebuntingan dengan Ransum Flushing Minyak Sawit dan Minyak Lemuru

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility and physiological status of local sheep at late pregnancy fed with flushing diet containing palm oil, lemuru oil, and their combination. In this research, the livestock used were 12 female local sheep at late pregnancy with an average body weight of 43.58 ± 5.57 kg were placed in metabolic cages. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 block replications. The treatments were P1 = control ration (30% grass + 70% concentrate), P2 = control ration + 6% palm oil supplementation, P3 = control ration + 3% lemuru oil and 3% palm oil supplementation, P4 = control ration + 6% lemuru oil supplementation. The feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and physiological status were measured in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. Means values differences were analyzed using Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of palm oil and lemuru oil to the concentrate diet increased (p<0.05) crude fat consumption, dry matter digestibility, and crude fat digestibility, but decreased (p<0.05) Nitrogen free extract consumption. Addition of palm oil and lemuru oil on the concentrate diet had no significant effect on dry matter consumption, crude protein consumption, crude fiber consumption, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, Nitrogen free extract digestibility, and TDN value. The treatments did not affect significantly on physiological status. It can be concluded that the use of 6% palm oil in the ration can increase crude fat consumption and crude fat digestibility in pregnant ewes. Key words: digestibility, ewes, flushing, oil, physiological status

Kandungan dan Serapan Mineral Pucuk Indigofera zollingeriana dari Tanaman dengan Kerapatan Tanam Berbeda

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the mineral contents of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three different planting densities (8,000 plants per ha, 13,333 plants per ha, and 20,000 plants per ha) and 3 replication. Plant biomass was analyzed for macro and micro mineral contents as well as Ca:P ratio. The results showed that increased planting densities significantly increased (p<0.05) P, Cu, and Cr contents, but decreased Ca and Na contents had no significant effect on Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Fe contents. Furthermore, the increased planting densities significantly decreased (p<0.05) uptakes of Ca, K, Mn, and Fe by the plants, but increased (p<0.05) the uptakes of Cu and Cr. Meanwhile, the uptakes of P, K, Na, and Zn were not affected by planting densities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the planting density of I. zollingeriana should be maintained in 8,000 plants ha-1 to maintain the content and uptake of mineral in forage crops. Key words: defoliation periods, Indigofera zollingeriana, macrominerals, micro minerals, planting density

Potensi Limbah Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L) sebagai Pakan Ternak di Daerah Dataran Kering Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Corn waste agricultural by-product that can be used for animal feed at Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) has a longer dry climate than the rainy ones, caused difficulties in terms of feeding. Farmers utilize corn waste as feed resource. This study was carried out to determine the potential corn waste and evaluate the potential capacities of livestock from corn waste as animal feed. The data was obtained from farmer group, collected during December 2019 to April 2020 in Oeteta Village, Kupang Timur - NTT. The data of corn waste material production included corn straw (stalks and leaves), corn cob, and corn husk in 7 hectares area. Data were collected by using the survey with simple random sampling for estimation of carrying capacity value. The results showed that the fresh corn waste production on the land area of 7 hectares in the Oeteta village were fresh corn straw (451,101 kg year-1), corn cob (65,225.58 kg year-1), corn husk (10,870.86 kg year-1), and total 527,197.44 kg year-1 of corn waste production. Utilization of corn waste as feed stock with the use of 30% in the ration generated a carrying capacity of 352 cattle and 2,464 goats respectively, have a carrying capacity 352 head of beef cattle and 2,464 head of goats, whereas if the use was 40% in the ration, the carrying capacity was 264 cattle and 1,851 goats. It could be concluded that the feed from corn waste available in Oeteta Village, Kupang Regency, NTT, which is 7 ha of area have sufficient carrying capacity for livestock. Key words: carrying capacity, corn waste, Oeteta Nusa Tenggara Timur

Kuantitas dan Kualitas Fodder Jagung, Padi dan Kacang Hijau dengan Waktu Panen yang Berbeda Menggunakan Smart hydroponic Fodder

This experiment was aimed to compare varieties and harvest time of green hydroponic fodder based on it’s quantity and quality. Green fodder is made from corn kernels, mung beans and unhulled rice. Green fodder was grown by mart hydroponics sensors and Arduino systems for controlling the water irrigation system and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Quantity of green hydroponic fodder (corn, mung bean and unhulled rice) based on the biomass production. Quality of green hydroponic fodder based on nutrient content of the forage biomass (dry matter, crude protein, ash, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract). Experimental design for fodder productivity was a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial, i.e seed varieties (corn, mung bean and unhulled rice) and harvesting age of the green hydroponic fodder (7, 14 and 21 d). The results showed that total biomass was affected significantly (p<0.05) by harvesting age. Total biomass was increased with longer harvesting age of fodder. Corn green fodder and unhulled rice green fodder produce larger biomass than mung bean green fodder (p<0.05). The nutrient content of greenfodder were higher compared to the seeds. its quality and quantity, the best harvesting age of corn and unhulled rice green fodder was 14 days. Therefore smart hydroponic fodder can be an alternative to provide good quality fodder and land preservative. Key words: feed, hydroponic, green fodder

Produksi Bahan Kering dan Kadar Nutrien Indigofera zollingeriana di Lahan Gambut Berdasarkan Umur Panen Berbeda Setelah Pemangkasan

This study aimed to determine the increase of dry matter production and Nutrient changes of Indigofera zollingeriana cultivated in Sapric peat soils with harvest age of 2, 3 and 4 months after pruning. Indigofera foliage was obtained from the existing plot of approximately 3 years old that grown in the experimental field of the UARDS Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences of UIN Suska Riau. The research design of randomized block design (RBD) was apllied consisting of 3 age treatments with 4 group. Each treatment, consisted of indigofera biomass harvested at 2 months old (2M), 3 months old (3M) and 4 months old (4M). The results showed that postponing harvest from 2 months to 4 months significantly (p<0.05) increased dry matter production of 71.97 g to 437.62 g and significantly (p<0.05) decreased crude protein (CP) content from 27.45% to 21.23%. Meanwhile, crude fibre (CF), extract ether (EE), ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents were not influence by postponing harvest from 2 to 4 months. The respective ranges of CF, EE, ash and NFE content of I. zollingeriana were CF: 15.50%-16.50%, EE: 2.11%-2.85%, ash: 7.55%-8.31% and NFE: 46.39%-51.15%. It can be concluded that the dry matter production of I. zollingeriana that grown on Sapric peat soils were significantly influenced by harvest age. Key words: legume, maturity, nutritive value, peatland

Morfologi Mutan Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Pada Cekaman Kering

Alfalfa in dry stress conditions cannot grow optimally. Drought inhibits growth and reduces alfalfa production in many cultivation systems. Plants breeding with gamma-ray irradiation and in vitro selection using PEG found somaclonal variants adapted to grow well in drought conditions. This study aims to determine the type of mutation with the best morphology in dry stress conditions. Alfalfa mutants resulting from gamma irradiation were sub-cultured in vitro. Alfalfa mutants cultured in PEG medium, according to treatments. This experiment used completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, namely the gamma-ray irradiation doses (0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 and 500 Gy), and PEG concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ). The variables observed were viability, plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, medium shrinkage, leaf wilting, and leaf color. The results showed that the gamma-irradiated mutant had a better (p<0.05) morphology than the control (0 Gy) in the face of dry stress conditions. Combination of 500 Gy and 20% PEG concentration resulted the best type of mutant. Key words: alfalfa, in vitro, gamma rays, PEG