scholarly journals Parameterizations of different hydrometeor spectral relative dispersion in the convective clouds

2021 ◽  
pp. 100141
Author(s):  
Qinyao Zou ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Chunsong Lu ◽  
Guang J. Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Convective Clouds

scholarly journals Large Eddy Simulation of Microphysics and Influencing Factors in Shallow Convective Clouds

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Zhuangzhuang Zhou ◽  
Chongzhi Yin ◽  
Chunsong Lu ◽  
Xingcan Jia ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy

A flight of shallow convective clouds during the SCMS95 (Small Cumulus Microphysics Study 1995) observation project is simulated by the large eddy simulation (LES) version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-LES) with spectral bin microphysics (SBM). This study focuses on relative dispersion of cloud droplet size distributions, since its influencing factors are still unclear. After validation of the simulation by aircraft observations, the factors affecting relative dispersion are analyzed. It is found that the relationships between relative dispersion and vertical velocity, and between relative dispersion and adiabatic fraction are both negative. Furthermore, the negative relationships are relatively weak near the cloud base, strengthen with the increasing height first and then weaken again, which is related to the interplays among activation, condensation and evaporation for different vertical velocity and entrainment conditions. The results will be helpful to improve parameterizations related to relative dispersion (e.g., autoconversion and effective radius) in large-scale models.

scholarly journals Observational study of the relationship between entrainment rate and relative dispersion in deep convective clouds

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohao Guo ◽  
Chunsong Lu ◽  
Tianliang Zhao ◽  
Yangang Liu ◽  
Guang Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Deep Convective Clouds ◽  
The Relationship

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Determination of Capsaicinoids Content in Soy Sauce and Pot-Roast Meat Products Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Β-Cyclodextrin/Carboxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Qianhui Gu ◽  
Chaoqun Lu ◽  
Kangwen Chen ◽  
Xingguang Chen ◽  
Pengfei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes

The rapid quantification of capsaicinoids content is very important for the standardization of pungent taste degree and flavor control of soy sauce and pot-roast meat products. To rapidly quantify the capsaicinoids content in soy sauce and pot-roast meat products, an electrochemical sensor based on β-cyclodextrin/carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes was constructed and the adsorptive stripping voltammetry method was used to enrich samples in this study. The results showed that the excellent performance of the established electrochemical sensor was mostly because β-cyclodextrin caused the relative dispersion of carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes on the glassy carbon electrode surface. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin had similar electrochemical behavior, so the proposed method could determine the total content of capsaicinoids. The linearity of capsaicinoids content was from 0.5 to 100 μmol/L and the detection limit was 0.27 μmol/L. The recovery rates of different capsaicinoids content were between 83.20% and 136.26%, indicating the proposed sensor could realize trace detection of capsaicinoids content in sauce and pot-roast meat products. This work provides a research basis for pungent taste degree standardization and flavor control in the food industry.

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