Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a novel spinel Li2Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode coated with conductive glass for Lithium-ions batteries

Author(s):  
Wen Che ◽  
Xiaowen Wan ◽  
Dongyun Zhang ◽  
Chengkang Chang
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.


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...  

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