Sperm exposure to carbon-based nanomaterials causes abnormalities in early development of purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)

Sea urchins are long-living invertebrates with a complex immune system which includes extended families of immune receptors. A central immune gene family in the sea urchins encodes for the Transformer (Trf) proteins. The Trf family was so far studied mainly in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In this study, we explored this protein family in the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The PlTrf genes and predicted proteins were found to be highly diverse and showed a typical Trf size range and structure. We found that P. lividus coelomocytes and hemolymph contain different PlTrf protein repertoires with a shared subset which specifically bind E. coli bacteria. Using FACS, we identified five different P. lividus coelomocyte sub-populations with cell surface Trf protein expression. The relative abundance of the Trf-positive cells sharply increased following immune challenge with E. coli bacteria, but not following challenge with LPS or sea urchin pathogen V. penaeicida. Finally, we demonstrated that the phagocytosis of E. coli bacteria by P. lividus phagocytes is mediated through the hemolymph and is inhibited by blocking Trf activity with anti-Trf antibodies. Together, our results suggest collaboration between cellular and humoral Trf-mediated effector arms in the P. lividus specific immune response to pathogens.

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Multiple effects of harvesting on populations of the purple sea urchin paracentrotus lividus in north Portugal

Fisheries Research ◽

10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Iacopo Bertocci ◽

R. Dominguez ◽

I. Machado ◽

C. Freitas ◽

J. Domínguez Godino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Purple Sea Urchin

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The pattern of cell division in the early development of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(78)90177-x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 38-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Elio Parisi ◽

Silvana Filosa ◽

Benita De Petrocellis ◽

Alberto Monroy

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Early Development ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus

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Amino acid metabolism in the early development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/s0014-4827(54)80097-8 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 530-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

J.L. Kavanau

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Early Development ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus

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Formulation of a new sustainable feed from food industry discards for rearing the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Aquaculture Nutrition ◽

10.1111/anu.13063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1046-1057

Author(s):

Laura Ciriminna ◽

Geraldina Signa ◽

Antonino Maurizio Vaccaro ◽

Concetta Maria Messina ◽

Antonio Mazzola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Food Industry ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Purple Sea Urchin

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Quantifying daily migration in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315499001721 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 177-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Anne C. Crook ◽

Maria Long ◽

David K.A. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Subtidal Zone ◽

Circadian Pattern ◽

Age Classes ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Purple Sea Urchin ◽

Size Groups ◽

Shallow Subtidal ◽

Lough Hyne

In Ireland the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea) typically inhabits intertidal bored holes. At Lough Hyne, Co. Cork, a population occurs associated with rock scree in the shallow subtidal zone. This study provides unequivocal quantitative evidence to demonstrate diurnal migration in a population of P. lividus at Lough Hyne, Ireland. Most size groups/age-classes did not to migrate, the youngest always and oldest never occurring under rocks. Those that did migrate between the lower and upper surface of rocks (2+, 3+ and 4+ age categories) did so in exactly the reverse circadian pattern to those described from the Mediterranean Sea.

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