Lithium affects REM sleep occurrence, autonomic activity and brain second messengers in the rat☆

2008 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C JONES ◽  
E PEREZ ◽  
R AMICI ◽  
M LUPPI ◽  
F BARACCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Autonomic Activity

scholarly journals Cardiac Autonomic Activity During Wakefulness and Sleep in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Ferini-Strambi ◽  
Alessandro Oldani ◽  
Marco Zucconi ◽  
Salvatore Smirne
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Processes Underlying Ultradian Sleep Regulation in Man

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 2686-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Gronfier ◽  
Chantal Simon ◽  
François Piquard ◽  
Jean Ehrhart ◽  
Gabrielle Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Delta Wave ◽  
Low Levels

Sleep is not a uniform state but is characterized by the cyclic alternation between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep with a periodicity of 90–110 min. This cycle length corresponds to one of the oscillations in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the delta frequency band (0.5–3.5 Hz), which reflect the depth of sleep. To demonstrate the intimate link between EEG and neuroendocrine rhythmic activities in man, we adopted a procedure permitting simultaneous analysis of sleep EEG activity in the delta band and of two activating systems: the adrenocorticotropic system and the autonomic nervous system. Adrenocorticotropic activity was evaluated by calculating the cortisol secretory rate in blood samples taken at 10-min intervals. Autonomic activity was estimated by two measures of heart rate variability: 1) by the ratio of low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) power from spectral analysis of R-R intervals; and 2) by the interbeat autocorrelation coefficient of R-R intervals (rRR intervals between two successive cardiac beats). The results revealed that oscillations in delta wave activity, adrenocorticotropic activity, and autonomic activity are linked in a well-defined manner. Delta wave activity developed when cortisol secretory rates had returned to low levels and sympathetic tone was low or decreasing, as reflected by a low LF/HF ratio and by low levels in rRR. Conversely, the decrease in delta wave activity occurred together with an increase in the LF/HF ratio and in rRR. REM sleep was associated with a decrease in cortisol secretory rates preceding REM sleep onset, whereas the LF/HF ratio and rRR remained high. These results demonstrate a close coupling of adrenocorticotropic, autonomic, and EEG ultradian rhythms during sleep in man. They suggest that low neuroendocrine activity is a prerequisite for the increase in slow wave activity.

scholarly journals 0110 Fluctuations Across the Menstrual Cycle in Cardiac Autonomic Activity During Sleep and Wake May Affect Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A43-A44
Author(s):  
N Sattari ◽  
K Simon ◽  
S Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

Abstract Introduction Prior studies have shown that benefits of sleep for memory consolidation may be influenced by menstrual phase. Menstrual phase also impact autonomic regulation during sleep, and autonomic activity has been recently shown to play a role in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Methods We investigated the interaction of menstrual cycle and autonomic activity measured by heart rate-variability (HRV) on sleep-dependent memory consolidation among 18-healthy females. Using a within-subjects design, we investigated episodic memory improvement with a nap paradigm during two phases of women’s menstrual cycle: 1) perimenses: −5 to +5 days from menses-onset, and 2) non-perimenses: window outside of perimenses. Subjects completed the memory test before (Test1) and after (Test2) a 90-minute polysomnographically (PSG)-recorded nap. We recorded sleep and HRV during 5-minutes of wake, and during the nap. Next, we compared sleep, HRV (RMSSD and HFnu), and memory performance between the two menstrual phases. Results Sleep architecture did not differ between perimenses and non-perimenses. Women performed similarly on the memory task at Test 1 (all ps>.061), but at Test 2, non-perimenses showed better performance (p = 0.02). Autonomically, perimenses had higher parasympathetic activity during wake (RMSSD-p = 0.04) and REM-sleep (HFnu-p = 0.04), compared with non-perimenses. Using bivariate correlations, we found positive associations between wake-HFnu and memory improvement (p = .02) during perimenses. In contrast, non-perimenses’ memory improvement was negatively correlated with wake-RMSSD (p <.001). In perimenses, memory improvement was also positively associtated with REM-HFnu (p = .04). No associations were found between autonomic sleep activity and memory in non-perimenses phase. Conclusion Our findings indicate a role for autonomic activity in memory improvement in both sleep and wake that is modulated by the menstrual cycle. HRV measures of parasympathetic activity were higher during perimenses phase in wake and REM-sleep. Interestingly, the HRV measures showed opposing relations with memory improvement based on the phase of the menstrual cycle. In sum, women’s cardiac autonomic activity fluctuates by menstrual phase and it is possible that these fluctuations affect the magnitude and direction of sleep-related memory consolidation. Support Sattari et al., 2017; Genzel et al., 2012; de Zambotti et al., 2013; Whitehurst et al., 2016.

Immediate effects of arousal from sleep on cardiac autonomic outflow in the absence of breathing in dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Horner ◽  
D. Brooks ◽  
L. F. Kozar ◽  
S. Tse ◽  
E. A. Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
State Change ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Sympathetic Block ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Per Se

To determine the immediate effects of arousal from non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep on cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, six dogs were studied breathing through an endotracheal tube inserted into a chronic tracheostomy. Mean heart rates (HRs) during non-REM sleep were compared with 1) awake periods immediately after spontaneous arousals (ARs) and 2) later periods of stable relaxed wakefulness (RW). During spontaneous breathing, HR increased after AR (mean = 31.0%; P < 0.001) and in RW (mean = 7.6%; P < 0.001). To avoid the confounding influence of changes in breathing pattern, lung volume, and blood gases accompanying AR on HR, further studies were performed during constant mechanical hyperventilation that eliminated spontaneous breathing. In this condition, HR still increased after AR (mean = 29.9%; P < 0.001) and in RW (mean = 5.7%; P < 0.001), suggesting that the HR increases could be mediated by an effect of the state change per se on autonomic activity. This interpretation was confirmed when the HR increases were essentially abolished by combined cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic block. In contrast, parasympathetic block alone did not prevent the HR increases after AR (mean = 12.2%; P < 0.001) or in RW (mean = 12.3%; P < 0.001), whereas sympathetic block alone almost abolished the HR increases in RW (mean = 3.6%) but did not prevent the HR increases during AR (mean = 30.2%; P < 0.001). The results show that, compared with non-REM sleep, AR is associated with acute cardiac sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, whereas stable RW is associated mainly with sympathetic activation. These effects may have clinical relevance to the cardiovascular sequelae of breathing disorders that cause repetitive arousals from sleep.

Spectral and Topographic Microstructure of Brain Alpha Activity During Drowsiness at Sleep Onset and REM Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantero ◽  
Mercedes Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Brain States

Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural properties. On the other hand, these data suggest that the spectral microstructure of alpha activity during sleep onset and REM sleep could be a useful index to implement in automatic classification algorithms in order to improve the differentiation between the two brain states.

Nonlinear Pattern Analysis of Ventricular Premature Beats by Mutual Information

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Saitoh ◽  
T. Yokoshima ◽  
H. Kishida ◽  
H. Hayakawa ◽  
R. J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Correlation Measure ◽  
Ventricular Premature Beats ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Premature Beats ◽  
Information Values ◽  
Nonlinear Pattern

Abstract:The frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) has been related to the risk of mortality. However, little is known about the temporal pattern of occurrence of VPBs and its relationship to autonomic activity. Hence, we applied a general correlation measure, mutual information, to quantify how VPBs are generated over time. We also used mutual information to determine the correlation between VPB production and heart rate in order to evaluate effects of autonomic activity on VPB production. We examined twenty subjects with more than 3000 VPBs/day and simulated ran-( dom time series of VPB occurrence. We found that mutual information values could be used to characterize quantitatively the temporal patterns of VPB generation. Our data suggest that VPB production is not random and VPBs generated with a higher value of mutual information may be more greatly affected by autonomic activity.

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