Equivalent learning, but unequal participation: Male bumble bees learn comparably to females, but participate in cognitive assessments at lower rates

An important challenge for franchisors is to find individuals with strong intentions to become franchisees that they can actively support in this ambition. We contribute to franchising research by developing and testing a model to explain individual intentions to become franchisees as a specific type of entrepreneurial intention (EI). We combine Achievement Motivation Theory (AMT) with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to propose inverted U-shaped associations between individual motivations (i.e. need for achievement and risk-taking propensity), their cognitive assessments of franchising (i.e. attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control), and their EI regarding franchising. Our survey of 666 individuals demonstrates that need for achievement impacts attitude towards franchising and perceived behavioural control regarding franchising following respectively inverted U-shaped and declining positive relationships, and they partly mediate the relationships between need for achievement and EI regarding franchising. We find a negative linear association with attitude towards franchising.

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The Proventriculus of Adult Bumble Bees (Bombinae, Apidae)

New Zealand Entomologist ◽

10.1080/00779962.1976.9722242 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 189-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. P. Macfarlane

Keyword(s):

Bumble Bees

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Global Perspectives on Brief Cognitive Assessments for Dementia Diagnosis

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Elena Tsoy ◽

Alissa Bernstein Sideman ◽

Stefanie D. Piña Escudero ◽

Maritza Pintado-Caipa ◽

Suchanan Kanjanapong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Adult Population ◽

Dementia Diagnosis ◽

Cognitive Assessments ◽

Middle Income ◽

Global Perspectives ◽

Dementia Patients ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Theme Identification ◽

Diagnostic Decision Making

Background: Timely diagnosis of dementia is a global healthcare priority, particularly in low to middle income countries where rapid increases in older adult populations are expected. Objective: To investigate global perspectives on the role of brief cognitive assessments (BCAs) in dementia diagnosis, strengths and limitations of existing measures, and future directions and needs. Methods: This is a qualitative study of 18 dementia experts from different areas of the world. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling based on the following criteria: 1) practicing in countries with projected growth of older adult population of over 100%by 2050; 2) expertise in dementia diagnosis and treatment; 3) involvement in clinical practice and training; and 4) recognition as a national dementia expert based on leadership positions within healthcare system, research, and/or policy work. Participants were individually interviewed in their language of choice over secure videoconference sessions. Interviews were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team using theme identification approach. Results: Four domains with subthemes emerged illustrating participants’ perspectives: 1) strengths of BCAs; 2) limitations of BCAs; 3) needs related to the use of BCAs; and 4) characteristics of an ideal BCA. While most experts agreed that BCAs were important and useful for dementia diagnosis, the themes emphasized the need for development and validation of novel measures that are sensitive, psychometrically sound, and culturally appropriate. Conclusion: BCAs are important for guiding diagnosis and care for dementia patients. Findings provide a roadmap for novel BCA development to assist in diagnostic decision making for clinicians serving a rapidly growing and diverse dementia population.

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Longitudinal deterioration of white-matter integrity: heterogeneity in the ageing population

Brain Communications ◽

10.1093/braincomms/fcaa238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Konstantinos Poulakis ◽

Robert I Reid ◽

Scott A Przybelski ◽

David S Knopman ◽

Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Internal Capsule ◽

Population Based ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

Ageing Population ◽

White Matter Tract ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Cognitive Assessments ◽

Longitudinal Imaging ◽

Systemic Health

Abstract Deterioration in white-matter health plays a role in cognitive ageing. Our goal was to discern heterogeneity of white-matter tract vulnerability in ageing using longitudinal imaging data (two to five imaging and cognitive assessments per participant) from a population-based sample of 553 elderly participants (age ≥60 years). We found that different clusters (healthy white matter, fast white-matter decliners and intermediate white-matter group) were heterogeneous in the spatial distribution of white-matter integrity, systemic health and cognitive trajectories. White-matter health of specific tracts (genu of corpus callosum, posterior corona radiata and anterior internal capsule) informed about cluster assignments. Not surprisingly, brain amyloidosis was not significantly different between clusters. Clusters had differential white-matter tract vulnerability to ageing (commissural fibres > association/brainstem fibres). Identification of vulnerable white-matter tracts is a valuable approach to assessing risk for cognitive decline.

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