Theme Identification using Machine Learning Techniques

With the abundance of online research platforms, much information presented in PDF files, such as articles and journals, can be obtained easily. In this case, students completing research projects would have many downloaded PDF articles on their laptops. However, identifying the target articles manually within the collection can be tiring as most articles consist of several pages that need to be analyzed. Reading each article to determine if the article relates theme and organizing the articles based on themes is time and energy-consuming. Referring to this problem, a PDF files organizer that implemented a theme identifier is necessary. Thus, work will focus on automatic text classification using the machine learning methods to build a theme identifier employed in the PDF files organizer to classify articles into augmented reality and machine learning. A total of 1000 text documents for both themes were used to build the classification model. Moreover, the pre-preprocessing step for data cleaning and TF-IDF feature extraction for text vectorization and to reduce sparse vectors were performed. 80% of the dataset were used for training, and the remaining were used to validate the trained models. The classification models proposed in this work are Linear SVM and Multinomial Naïve Bayes. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using a confusion matrix. For the Linear SVM model, grid-search optimization was performed to determine the optimal value of the Cost parameter.

Parent Perceptions in Choosing Treatment for Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosed Through Newborn Screening

Objective: To identify factors parents considered in treatment decision making for children diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening. Methods: Participants were recruited through the University of Rochester or through flyers and Cure SMA social media outreach and asked to complete a telephone or online survey. Data were analyzed through mixed methods using descriptive statistics and theme identification in narrative responses. Results: Eighteen parents with children diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening participated. Thirteen of 18 chose onasemnogene abeparvovec, 2 of 18 chose risdiplam, 1 of 18 chose nusinersen, and 2 of 18 did not receive treatment. The most commonly reported factors impacting treatment choice included treatment frequency and administration method. Seventeen (94.4%) parents felt that inclusion of spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening was positive because it could allow for better outcomes with earlier treatment. Conclusion: Treatment frequency and administration method were the most important factors for parents in determining spinal muscular atrophy treatment. Parents felt positively about newborn screening due to opportunity for earlier treatment.

Global Perspectives on Brief Cognitive Assessments for Dementia Diagnosis

Background: Timely diagnosis of dementia is a global healthcare priority, particularly in low to middle income countries where rapid increases in older adult populations are expected. Objective: To investigate global perspectives on the role of brief cognitive assessments (BCAs) in dementia diagnosis, strengths and limitations of existing measures, and future directions and needs. Methods: This is a qualitative study of 18 dementia experts from different areas of the world. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling based on the following criteria: 1) practicing in countries with projected growth of older adult population of over 100%by 2050; 2) expertise in dementia diagnosis and treatment; 3) involvement in clinical practice and training; and 4) recognition as a national dementia expert based on leadership positions within healthcare system, research, and/or policy work. Participants were individually interviewed in their language of choice over secure videoconference sessions. Interviews were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team using theme identification approach. Results: Four domains with subthemes emerged illustrating participants’ perspectives: 1) strengths of BCAs; 2) limitations of BCAs; 3) needs related to the use of BCAs; and 4) characteristics of an ideal BCA. While most experts agreed that BCAs were important and useful for dementia diagnosis, the themes emphasized the need for development and validation of novel measures that are sensitive, psychometrically sound, and culturally appropriate. Conclusion: BCAs are important for guiding diagnosis and care for dementia patients. Findings provide a roadmap for novel BCA development to assist in diagnostic decision making for clinicians serving a rapidly growing and diverse dementia population.

Life-limiting fetal conditions and pregnancy continuation: parental decision-making processes

ObjectivesWhen parents are facing a life-limiting fetal condition (LLFC), decision making about prenatal and neonatal care is very stressful. To participate in successful shared decision making, interdisciplinary care teams need to understand factors that parents consider and the process by which they make decisions about care of their baby.MethodsThis study reports on findings about parental decision making from a larger longitudinal, naturalistic study of parents’ experiences of continuing pregnancy with an LLFC. Mothers and fathers over 18 were interviewed in person, on phone or via video, twice during pregnancy and twice after birth and death. Transcripts were professionally transcribed and verified. Data were analysed with iterative coding and theme identification, using within-case and cross-case comparison.ResultsThirty parents (16 mothers, 13 fathers, 1 lesbian partner) from multiple US states and a range of racial/ethnic backgrounds were interviewed. Parents’ experience with decision making was difficult, stressful and time-sensitive. They described a three-phase process: (1) identifying the decision to be made, (2) conducting a risk–benefit analysis to weigh objective medical information and subjective factors (values and spirituality, impact on self, partner, baby and the other children) and (3) making a decision. Parents considered diagnostic and prognostic certainty, likelihood of a good outcome and avoidance of suffering and regrets.ConclusionFor shared-decision making, healthcare providers must discuss objective medical information as well as recognise parents’ subjective values and priorities. This study expands on the literature on parental decision making around the numerous types of decisions after LLFC, informing obstetrics, neonatology and palliative care.

Abstract P166: The Primary Stroke Center Transfer Experience to Higher Levels of Care: A Qualitative Study

Background: Transfer times from primary stroke centers/acute stroke ready hospitals (PSCs/ASRHs) to higher levels of care have been shown to be excessive in many cases, promoting some to believe that bypass regulations should be instituted. Yet barriers to rapid transfer remain undescribed in the literature. The purpose of this work is to investigate these issues and the locus of control for transfer time delays. Methods: Six national focus groups with PSC/ASRH staff experienced with stroke transfers were conducted by web conference. Interviews were conducted using pre-scripted open-ended questions; information was recorded, and data were transcribed, for theme identification. Results: Participants were from Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and West Coast USA. Data were grouped into 3 main categories representing where transfer problems initiated. Themes emerging within the Internal PSC/ASRH Category were exclusively emergency department (ED) physician focused including knowing how/when to use advanced imaging and telemedicine resources. Of note, all participants were compliant with door-to-CT and treatment time metrics. Within the Transport Category , themes included inadequate time-to-response by ground and air ambulances, and specialty transport costs. Within the Internal Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) Category , themes included complex communication, overwhelmed systems, and poor guidance on patient selection. Conclusions: While ED physician contributors to transfer delays are within the control of PSCs/ASRHs, more challenging factors to rapid transfer include factors within transport systems and CSCs themselves. Quantification of these factors is warranted to support transfer system redesign with rapid access to care.

Abstract P856: Contributors to Internal Primary Stroke Center Transfer Delays: Factors Beyond Stroke Coordinators’ Control

Background: Stroke coordinators often are challenged to transfer patients to higher levels of care, facing internal system, transport, and comprehensive stroke center (CSC) factors that may slow the transfer process. We aimed to understand the internal challenges faced by stroke coordinators at primary stroke centers/acute stroke ready hospitals (PSC/ASRH) in the transfer process. Methods: Six national focus groups with PSC/ASRH staff experienced with stroke transfers were conducted by web conference. Interviews were conducted using pre-scripted open-ended questions; information was recorded and data were transcribed for theme identification. Results: Participants were from Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and West Coast USA. Internal PSC/ASRH problems were tied exclusively to physicians: Emergency department (ED) physicians’ lack knowledge of how/when to order advanced imaging; delays initiating telemedicine guidance were common; and, negative attitudes towards stroke emergencies among “tenured” ED physicians were identified. All participants noted that they were compliant with door-to-noncontrast CT and alteplase treatment time metrics, however, radiologists commonly used the full 2-hours allotted for CTA and CTP reads, and many telemedicine neurologists refused to review/interpret advanced imaging choosing to rely on the local general radiologists’ formal interpretation. Conclusions: Major factors contributing to internal PSC/ASRH transfer delays are exclusively physician-based. Physician education, standardized algorithms for advanced imaging selection, more-timely regulatory metrics for advanced imaging interpretation, and improved telemedicine physician expertise and guidance would improve transfer timeliness in these centers.

Dynamics of publication in international scientific reviews in sport management: Towards an Agenda 21

I had the honour to be keynote speaker for the Sport Management Colloquium organised by the Université Rennes 2 in June 2018. The organisers asked me to present a communication on the international dynamics of sport management. To do so, I attempted to identify the themes currently tackled in scientific reviews in sport management from an international perspective. This article is based on the aforementioned keynote, updated since then until the 31st May 2020. Sport management is defined in a broad sense: it includes not only sport management stricto sensu (including sport strategy) but also sport analytics, business, communication / media, development, economics, finance, law, marketing, policy and sociology. My focus is on research in English. To tackle the topic, it is necessary to clarify three points: 1.Determine what is considered as current research: published since 2014. 2.Identify journals: 54 considered. 3.Define a strategy for theme identification: focus on special issues (SIs). Based on this approach, 240 SIs have been identified. I divided data into intellectual bins that ultimately reflect common themes between SIs. The methodology described here made me able to identify 21 recurring themes, justifying the idea of an Agenda 21. These 21 themes are grouped in 7 categories (3 per category): I.Reality of Sport in the 21st Century: 1. Globalization; 2. Impacts / Legacy of Mega Sports Events; 3. Austerity. II.Sport Policy and Politics: 4. Development and Peace; 5. Health and Wellbeing / Doping; 6. Sport Policy and Politics: Others / Broader. III.Need for Changes: 7. Governance / Corruption / Integrity / Reputation; 8. Corporate Social Responsibility / Sustainability; 9. New Media. IV.Adaptation, Creation and Optimisation: 10. Innovation / Knowledge Creation; 11. (Social) Entrepreneurship / Value Co-Creation; 12. Performance / Multiple Objectives / Key Success Factors. V.Overlooked and / or Specific Publics: 13. Youth; 14. Females / Gender; 15. Other Overlooked and / or Specific Publics. VI.Overlooked Sports, States and Events: 16. Overlooked Sports; 17. Overlooked States; 18. Overlooked Events. VII.Recognition: 19. Research, Education, Practice and Impact; 20. Uniqueness of Sport; 21. External Recognition / Sport and Other Sectors. For each of the 21 themes, the findings provide the number of SIs, journals, colleagues considered as key editors based on the number of SIs edited, and further details about the SIs edited by key editors / internationally recognised colleagues / published by selected journals / on a specific aspect of the broader theme under investigation. The Agenda 21 helps provide an overview of the different aspects published in international scientific reviews in sport management, demonstrating its international dynamism and the depth of the topics covered. It intends to prove useful to the international academic in sport management community for internal and external communication.