scholarly journals Conditioning the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis megidis by pre-application storage improves efficacy against black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at low and moderate temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Guy ◽  
Michael Gaffney ◽  
Apostolos Kapranas ◽  
Christine T. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil

Influence of temperature on the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.) to larvae and pupae of the vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Long ◽  
John Fenlon ◽  
Paul Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Competing Risks ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe susceptibilities of early and late instar vine weevil larvae and pupae to three species of entomopathogenic nematodes, indigenous to the UK, were tested in a series of bioassays. Steinernema kraussei (isolates L017 and L137), S. feltiae (the commercial product Nemasys®) and Heterorhabditis megidis (the commercial product Nemasys® H, reared both in vivo in Galleria mellonella larvae and in vitro), were tested at 6, 10 and 18°C for 2 weeks (early instars of O. sulcatus) or 3 weeks (late instars and pupae of O. sulcatus). Nematodes were applied to over 3800 larvae or pupae and there were over 400 untreated controls. Each insect was examined subsequently to determine mortality, and parasitised specimens were dissected to establish whether adult nematodes had developed. Differences in pathogenicity between H. megidis reared in vitro and in vivo were demonstrated. S. kraussei (L137) was consistently the most virulent nematode isolate at low temperatures. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.001) effect of temperature on small larvae of O. sulcatus, but also showed differential levels of mortality, not due to nematodes, for both small larvae and pupae. The use of Abbott's correction for control mortality is challenged and the validity of competing risks theory examined.In einer Reihe von Biotests wurde die Anfälligkeit von frühen und späten Larvenstadien sowie Puppen des Rüsselkäfers Otiorhynchus sulcatus gegenüber drei in UK einheimischen entomopathogenen Nematoden untersucht. Steinernema kraussei (isolate L017 und L137), S. feltiae (Handelsprodukt Nemasys®) und Heterorhabditis megidis (Handelsprodukt Nemasys® H, beide in vivo an Larven von Galleria mellonella und in vitro gezüchtet) wurden bei 6, 10 and 18°C für zwei Wochen (frühe Stadien von O. sulcatus) oder drei Wochen (späte Stadien und Puppen von O. sulcatus) geprüft. Über 3800 Larven oder Puppen wurden mit Nematoden behandelt, daneben gab es über 400 unbehandelte Kontrollen. Anschliessend wurde jedes Insekt untersucht, um die Mortalität zu bestimmen. Parasitierte Exemplare wurden aufpräpariert um festzustellen, ob sich adulte Nematoden entwickelt hatten. Zwischen in vitro und in vivo kultivierten H. megidis konnten Unterschiede in der Pathogenität festgestellt werden. S. kraussei (L137) war bei niedrigen Temperaturen durchgehend das virulenteste Isolat. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante (P < 0.001) Wirkung der Temperatur auf kleine Larven von O. sulcatus. Sie zeigten für kleine Larven und Puppen aber auch unterschiedliche Mortlitätsgrade an, die nicht auf Nematoden zurückgingen. Die Anwendung von Abbott's Korrektur zur Prüfung der Mortalität wird kritisch hinterfragt, die Gültigkeit der Theorie der “competing risks” wird geprüft.

scholarly journals The influence of habitat quality on the foraging strategies of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis megidis

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. KRUITBOS ◽  
S. HERITAGE ◽  
S. HAPCA ◽  
M. J. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Heterorhabditis Megidis ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Contrasting Habitats ◽  
Outdoor Mesocosms

SUMMARYEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are soil-transmitted parasites and their foraging strategies are believed to range from ‘ambush’ to ‘cruise’ foragers. However, research on their behaviour has not considered the natural habitat of these nematodes. We hypothesized that EPN behaviour would be influenced by soil habitat quality and tested this hypothesis using 2 EPN species Steinernema carpocapsae (an ‘ambusher’) and Heterorhabditis megidis (a ‘cruiser’) in 2 contrasting habitats, sand and peat. As predicted from previous studies, in sand most S. carpocapsae remained at the point of application and showed no taxis towards hosts, but in peat S. carpocapsae dispersed much more and showed a highly significant taxis towards hosts. H. megidis dispersed well in both media, but only showed taxis towards hosts in sand. In outdoor mesocosms in which both species were applied, S. carpocapsae outcompeted H. megidis in terms of host finding in peat, whereas the opposite was true in sand. Our data suggest that these 2 EPN may be habitat specialists and highlight the difficulties of studying soil-transmitted parasites in non-soil media.

Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

Otiorhynchus sulcatus. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
St Helena ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Culculionidae (vine weevil, strawberry, cyclamen or black vine weevil). Attacks strawberry, grapevine, Cyclamen. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Russian SFSR, European USSR, Africa, St. Helena, Egypt, Asia, Japan, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Chatham Islands, Hawaii, New Zealand, North America, Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, South America, Chile, Colombia.

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