Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES ON CONTROL OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-984
Author(s):  
CRISTHIANE ROHDE ◽  
NATÁLIA RAMOS MERTZ ◽  
ALCIDES MOINO JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is one of the world's major pests infesting fruit crops, causing significant losses. However, this insect has a soil phase and is a potential target for entomopathogenic nematodes. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae ALL and Heterorhabditis amazonensis JPM4 in controlling larvae and pupae of Ceratitis capitata. Petri dishes with filter paper or pots with 200 g of soil were used to assess different nematode concentrations; 20 individuals (larvae or pupae) were placed in each container and the nematode suspension was applied at concentrations of 0, 140, 180, 220, 260, and 300 IJs (infective juveniles) cm-2. The nematode horizontal movement was tested using pots with soil and a metal screen at every 10 cm to define different distances (0, 10, 20, and 30 cm from the application site). Ten larvae and ten pupae were transferred to every distance; 10 mL of the nematode suspension (220 IJs cm-2) were applied at the distance zero; 10 mL of the nematode suspension with 220 IJs cm-2 was applied to each pot, using ten larvae and ten pupae for each evaluation time (0, 10, 20, and 30 days after application of nematodes) to study the effectiveness of these nematodes over time. Both nematodes killed C. capitata larvae and pupae, but S. carpocapsae ALL was the most effective. However, this nematode showed no ability for horizontal movement, which was found in H. amazonensis JPM4 nematodes. Both nematodes showed decreasing efficiency over time.

scholarly journals CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DA MOSCA-DO-MEDITERRÂNEO Ceratitis capitata UTILIZANDO NEMATOIDES ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS EM LABORATÓRIO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Santos de MINAS ◽  
Claudia DOLINSKI ◽  
Rômulo da Silva CARVALHO ◽  
Ricardo Moreira de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Feasible Alternative

O presente trabalho avaliou em laboratório, a utilização de diferentes linhagens de nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) individualmente e combinadas visando ao controle biológico da mosca-do-Mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). No primeiro bioensaio foram utilizadas oito linhagens individualizadas de NEPs (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12) sendo que para cada tratamento foram utilizados 20 tubos de ensaio cada um contendo areia,10 larvas L3 de C. capitata e 100 juvenis infectantes (JIs) diluídos em 1 cm3 de água destilada. No tratamento controle foi adicionado 1 cm3 de água destilada. No segundo bioensaio, foram utilizadas cinco larvas de C. capitata e as linhagens de nematoides foram combinadas duas a duas num total de 100 juvenis por repetição (50 JIs de cada linhagem) Os bioensaios foram conduzidos a 28 ºC, 80% UR e 12 de fotoperíodo. A mortalidade média das larvas foi avaliada pelo teste de Tukey a 1%. Individualmente as linhagens H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12 foram as mais eficientes e causaram mortalidade entre 75 e 98,5%. As combinações mais eficientes foram H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 e H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 com mortalidade de larvas L3 de 60 e 82%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que tanto separadamente ou em combinação, algumas linhagens de NEPs podem ser usadas no controle biológico de C. capitata, sendo que quando usadas separadamente, a eficiência é maior. ABSTRACT The present study investigated under laboratory conditions the use of entomopathogenic nematodes strains separately or in combinations, as biological control agent of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). In the first bioassay, eight strains were used separately (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12). For each treatment, 20 test tubes with sand, 10 larvae of C. capitata and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) diluted in 1 cm3 of distilled water were used. In the treatment control only 1 cm3 of distilled water was added. In the second bioassay it was used the same material; however, the number of C. capitata larvae was reduced to five and strains of nematodes combined in pairs, in a total of 100 IJs per replicate (50 individuals of each strain). All treatments were stored in an incubator for 15 days (28 ºC, 80% RU and 12 h photoperiod). The average mortality of larvae L3 was evaluated by Tukey test at 1%. The strains H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 and H. sp. LPP12 were the most efficient ones, reaching mortalities range between 75 and 98.5%. In the second experiment, the most effective combinations were H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 and H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 with mortality of 60 and 82%, respectively. We concluded that the use of NEPs in the biological control of C. capitata is a feasible alternative either using species separated or in combination, but the first one may reach higher mortality.

scholarly journals Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37047
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Chaneiko ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Control Tool

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Youssef Benseddik ◽  
Abdelmalek Boutaleb Joutei ◽  
Abdelali Blenzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, is a deleterious pest worldwide affecting fruit production. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biocontrol agent that could be effectively used to control this Mediterranean fruit fly. In this study, five EPN strains reported from different fields in Morocco were evaluated for their efficacy against C. capitata. In laboratory assays, Steinernema feltiae-SF-MOR9, S. feltiae-SF-MOR10 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-HB-MOR7 strains showed significantly higher infectivity and penetration rates when compared to the other strains. S. feltiae-SF-MOR9 caused the highest larval mortality rate (80%) at 50 infective juveniles (IJs) cm−2. However, additional results showed that both S. feltiae strains were significantly effective in controlling C. capitata larvae in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruits on soil surface with high mortality rate at 50 and 100 IJs cm−2. Different soil textures and moisture levels resulted in a significant variation in EPN strain virulence against C. capitata. Sandy clay loam soil in combination with 50 IJs cm−2 of S. feltiae (SF-MOR9 or SF-MOR10) caused a higher mortality rate of C. capitata larvae. Furthermore, applying these EPN strains at 50–100 IJs cm−2 in combination with 10–15% moisture level showed optimal results against C. capitata larvae. Therefore, those two Moroccan EPN strains could be used as promising eco-friendly biological agents against C. capitata.

scholarly journals Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode against different stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Yağcı ◽  
Tuğba Akdeniz Fırat ◽  
F. Dolunay Erdoğuş ◽  
Müge Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Mediterranean fruit fly), is one of the important polyphagous pest species in the world that harms almost all fruits causing significant yields losses. Control of this pest which is on the quarantine list of many countries is highly important. Due to the negative effects of chemical control on the environment and human health, biological control approaches have gained importance. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biological control agent that can be used for effectively controlling the Medfly. Results In this study, effects of four EPNs species on larvae, pupae and adults of Medfly were investigated under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations of EPNs species were used against each stage of the pest. It pest showed different sensitivity to different concentrations of each of the tested EPNs. High mortality rate of 94% was caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (11 KG),, followed by H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91%, Steinernema carpocapsae (85%) and S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) with 71% at highest concentration (200 IJ/larvae. The highest effect on adult mortality (100%) was recorded by the species S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) at the highest concentration (200 IJ/adult) in the trials, followed by H. bacteriophora (11 KG) with 92%, H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91% and S. carpocapsae (Tokat-Bakışlı05) with 87.37% mortality rates at the same concentrations. Conclusions It was determined that the EPNs tested in this study had insecticidal properties and they might be used in biological control programs against the Medfly.

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