Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using dairy processing waste – A review

The shorter food supply chains were the emerging trend in the agro-food system. The characteristic of local food supply chains are regional, freshness, quality products, and health benefits to the consumers. The present study explores the existing local dairy supply chains in the Haryana state. The local dairy supply chains were analysed and found that the shorter milk supply chains were more profitable with reduced intermediaries and higher producer shares in consumer rupees for all dairy products. The supply chains which involved intermediaries had lesser cost per unit of operation in dairy processing but fetched lower prices due to the quality issues and more distance travelled by dairy products. The economic viability and financial position of the processing units exhibited favourable results for both supply chains but it was higher for Supply Chain-I.

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Effects of activated carbon on treatment of photo-processing waste by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0276 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 187-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Binle Lin ◽

K. Futono ◽

A. Yokoi ◽

M. Hosomi ◽

A. Murakami

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Type Systems ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Processing Waste ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Adsorption Effect ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing ◽

Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Establishing economic treatment technology for safe disposal of photo-processing waste (PW) has most recently become an urgent environmental concern. This paper describes a new biological treatment process for PW using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in conjunction with activated carbon (AC). Batch-type acclimation and adsorption experiments using SOB/PAC, SOB/PNAC, and SOB reactor type systems demonstrated that AC effectively adsorbs the toxic/refractory compounds which inhibit thiosulfate oxidization of SOB in PW. Thus, to further clarify the effect of AC, we performed a long-term (≈ 160 d) continuous-treatment experiment on 4- to 8-times dilution of PW using a SOB/GAC system which simulated a typical wastewater treatment system based on an aerobic activated sludge process that primarily uses acclimated SOB. The thiosulfate load and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were fixed during treatment such that they ranged from 0.8-3.7 kg S2O32-/l/d and 7.7-1.9 d, respectively. As expected, continuous treatment led to breakthrough of the adsorption effect of GAC. Renewing the GAC and continuing treatment for about 10 d demonstrated good treatment effectiveness.

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