Introduction. The optic nerve is surrounded by layers of meninges and
cerebrospinal fluid, which is why intracranial pressure affects the optic
nerve sheath. Noninvasive measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter is
simple, accurate, repeatable and with minimal side effects. Effects of
positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure. The application
of positive end-expiratory pressure plays a significant role in improving
gas exchange, but it leads to an increase in intrathoracic and central
venous pressure, cerebral blood volume, reduces arterial and cerebral
perfusion pressure and thus futher increases intracranial pressure. The
effect of positive end-expiratory pressure depends on basal intracranial
pressure and respiratory system compliance. Effects of carbon dioxide on
intracranial pressure. Hypercapnia leads to cerebral vasodilatation and
increases cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Hypocapnia reduces
intracranial pressure, but its prolonged effect may lead to cerebral
ischemia. Effects of body position on intracranial pressure. Body position
affects intracranial pressure, primarily by affecting cerebral venous
drainage. Conclusion. Body position, application of positive end-expiratory
pressure, and changes in carbon dioxide can affect intracranial pressure,
which is why its monitoring is of importance. Numerous studies show that
their effects on intracranial pressure can be easily monitored by ultrasound
assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter.
The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) application on optic nerve sheath diameter in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial
