prospective observational cohort study
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10.2196/33677 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e33677
Author(s):  
Hanna M J L Hazenberg ◽  
Jan Henk Dubbink ◽  
Issa Sesay ◽  
Tom Versteege ◽  
Hassan Bangura ◽  
...  

Background Deficits in global oral health care are paramount, and complications of odontogenic infections constitute a considerable global health problem, particularly in low-income countries. A high mortality rate has been observed for patients who have been admitted with complicated odontogenic infections to our facilities in Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, although exact data have not been published yet. Data regarding who in this region is at risk and why are lacking. Objective The Dental Abscess Study (DELAY) aims to prospectively investigate morbidity and mortality from complicated dental abscesses and to analyze patients’ characteristics and microbial findings to examine predisposing factors for poor outcomes. In particular, the incidence and the clinical and microbial characteristics of complicated odontogenic infections, as well as the sociodemographic data and comorbidities of affected patients, will be studied to develop improved management algorithms based on circumstance-specific factors. Methods Patients who present with complicated dental infections requiring hospital admission in Masanga Hospital or Lion Heart Medical Centre will be consecutively selected for possible inclusion in the study (starting on September 4, 2021) over a study period of 1 year, and individual routine follow-ups will be conducted at least 3 months after discharge. The results of standardized questionnaires will be obtained, and clinical measurements as well as medical photos will be taken. Standard laboratory tests (eg, full blood count and HIV status tests) will be performed, and pus specimens will be examined. Local treatment guidelines will be adhered to, and data on medical and surgical treatment as well as data on outcomes will be collected. The study results will be reported according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) criteria. Routine follow-ups will take place at 1 and 3 months postdischarge. Results The DELAY protocol was endorsed by the Masanga Medical Research Unit’s Scientific Review Committee on June 16, 2021, and ethical approval was granted on July 5, 2021, by the Sierra Leone National Ethics Committee. The funding of the budgeted study costs was approved by Dental Health International Netherlands in August 2021. The projected start date of data collection was September 4, 2021, and the study period will most likely last for 1 year. As such, data collection is expected to be complete in November 2022. Conclusions The aim of our prospective observational cohort study is to gain more knowledge about complicated odontogenic infections in Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone, to further improve treatment strategies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/33677


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Elizabeth Halliday ◽  
Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo ◽  
William E Oswald ◽  
Joanna Sturgess ◽  
Elizabeth Allen ◽  
...  

UNSTRUCTURED One of the most debated questions in the COVID-19 pandemic has been the role of schools in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The COVID-19 Schools Infection Survey (SIS) aims to provide much-needed evidence addressing this, and to investigate how transmission within, and from, schools could be mitigated through implementation of school COVID-19 control measures. Here we describe the study protocol and participation. SIS is a multisite, prospective, observational cohort study conducted in a stratified random sample of primary and secondary schools in selected local authorities in England. Six bio-behavioural surveys were planned among participating students and staff during the 2020/21 academic year, starting in November 2020. Key measurements are SARS-CoV-2 virus prevalence, assessed by nasal swab polymerase chain reaction; anti-SARS-CoV-2 (nucleocapsid protein) antibody prevalence and conversion, assessed in finger-prick-blood for staff and oral-fluid for students; student and staff school attendance rates; feasibility and acceptability of school-level implementation of SARS-CoV-2 control measures; and investigation of selected school outbreaks. During SIS, a total of 22,609 individuals: 1,902 staff and 4,674 students from 59 primary schools and 5,874 staff and 10,159 students from 97 secondary schools participated in at least one survey. Staff and student participation rates were 44.9% and 16.3% in primary schools and 30.1% and 15.0% in secondary schools. While primary student participation increased over time and secondary student participation remained reasonably consistent, staff participation declined across rounds, especially for secondary staff (41.9% in Round 1 and 21.8% in Round 6). While staff participation overall was generally reflective of the eligible staff population, student participation was higher in schools with low absenteeism, a lower proportion of students eligible for free school meals and from schools in the least deprived locations (in primary schools 20.5% participants were from schools in the least deprived quintile compared with 12.9% of eligible students). SIS aims to improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control measures in schools across a range of settings in England, serving to inform national guidance and public health policy for educational settings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 110463
Author(s):  
Kamal Maheshwari ◽  
Omer Bakal ◽  
Kenneth C. Cummings ◽  
Guangmei Mao ◽  
Eva Rivas ◽  
...  

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