scholarly journals tDCS targeting the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex reduces reactive aggression and modulates electrophysiological responses in a forensic population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Sergiou ◽  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Sara M. Romanella ◽  
Matthias J. Wieser ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Forensic Population ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses

Age differences in ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during socioemotional content processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Daley ◽  
Holly J. Bowen ◽  
Eric C. Fields ◽  
Angela Gutchess ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Content Processing

Self-relevance effects are often confounded by the presence of emotional content, rendering it difficult to determine how brain networks functionally connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are affected by the independent contributions of self-relevance and emotion. This difficulty is complicated by age-related changes in functional connectivity between the vmPFC and other default mode network regions, and regions typically associated with externally oriented networks. We asked groups of younger and older adults to imagine placing emotional and neutral objects in their home or a stranger's home. An age-invariant vmPFC cluster showed increased activation for self-relevant and emotional content processing. Functional connectivity analyses revealed age × self-relevance interactions in vmPFC connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. There were also age × emotion interactions in vmPFC functional connectivity with the anterior insula, orbitofrontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Interactions occurred in regions with the greatest differences between the age groups, as revealed by conjunction analyses. Implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Boundary extension is attenuated in patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia De Luca ◽  
Cornelia McCormick ◽  
Sinead L. Mullally ◽  
Helene Intraub ◽  
Eleanor A. Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Boundary Extension

Decreased Gray-To-White Matter Contrast Within the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex of Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S231-S232
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Harnett ◽  
Sanne van Rooij ◽  
Timothy Ely ◽  
Jennifer Stevens ◽  
Antonia Seligowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Dissociable roles of cortical excitation-inhibition balance during patch-leaving versus value-guided decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca F. Kaiser ◽  
Theo O. J. Gruendler ◽  
Oliver Speck ◽  
Lennart Luettgau ◽  
Gerhard Jocham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitation ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIn a dynamic world, it is essential to decide when to leave an exploited resource. Such patch-leaving decisions involve balancing the cost of moving against the gain expected from the alternative patch. This contrasts with value-guided decisions that typically involve maximizing reward by selecting the current best option. Patterns of neuronal activity pertaining to patch-leaving decisions have been reported in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), whereas competition via mutual inhibition in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to underlie value-guided choice. Here, we show that the balance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I balance), measured by the ratio of GABA and glutamate concentrations, plays a dissociable role for the two kinds of decisions. Patch-leaving decision behaviour relates to E/I balance in dACC. In contrast, value-guided decision-making relates to E/I balance in vmPFC. These results support mechanistic accounts of value-guided choice and provide evidence for a role of dACC E/I balance in patch-leaving decisions.

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