Comparison of event-related potentials in attentional blink and repetition blindness

2008 ◽  
Vol 1189 ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Koivisto ◽  
Antti Revonsuo
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Repetition Blindness ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals What processes are disrupted during the attentional blink? An integrative review of event-related potentials research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Zivony ◽  
Dominique Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Structural Limitation ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

Reporting the second of two targets is impaired when these appear in close succession, a phenomenon known as the attentional blink (AB). Despite decades of research, what mechanisms are affected by the AB remains unclear. Specifically, two central issues remain open: Does the AB disrupt attentional processes or reflect a structural limitation in working memory encoding? Does it disrupt perceptual processing or only post-perceptual processes? We address these questions by reviewing event-related potentials (ERP) studies of the AB. The findings reveal that the core influence of the AB is by disrupting attentional engagement (indexed by N2pc). As a consequence, while early processing (indexed by P1\N1) is spared, semantic processing (indexed by N400) and working memory (WM) encoding (indexed by P3b) are compromised: minor disruptions to attentional engagement weaken but do not eliminate semantic processing, whereas they prevent encoding in WM. Thus, semantic processing can survive the blink, whereas encoding in WM does not. To accommodate these conclusions, we suggest a Disrupted Engagement and Perception (DEaP) account of the attentional blink.

Neural Basis of Semantically Dependent and Independent Cross-Modal Boosts on the Attentional Blink

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhao ◽  
Chengzhi Feng ◽  
Xinyin Huang ◽  
Yijun Wang ◽  
Wenfeng Feng
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The present study recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in a visual object-recognition task under the attentional blink paradigm to explore the temporal dynamics of the cross-modal boost on attentional blink and whether this auditory benefit would be modulated by semantic congruency between T2 and the simultaneous sound. Behaviorally, the present study showed that not only a semantically congruent but also a semantically incongruent sound improved T2 discrimination during the attentional blink interval, whereas the enhancement was larger for the congruent sound. The ERP results revealed that the behavioral improvements induced by both the semantically congruent and incongruent sounds were closely associated with an early cross-modal interaction on the occipital N195 (192–228 ms). In contrast, the lower T2 accuracy for the incongruent than congruent condition was accompanied by a larger late occurring cento-parietal N440 (424–448 ms). These findings suggest that the cross-modal boost on attentional blink is hierarchical: the task-irrelevant but simultaneous sound, irrespective of its semantic relevance, firstly enables T2 to escape the attentional blink via cross-modally strengthening the early stage of visual object-recognition processing, whereas the semantic conflict of the sound begins to interfere with visual awareness only at a later stage when the representation of visual object is extracted.

scholarly journals Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Shen ◽  
Dominique T. Vuvan ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Related Potentials

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Within a rapid succession of auditory stimuli, the perception of a predefined target sound often impedes listeners’ ability to detect another target sound that is presented close in succession. This attentional blink may be related to activity in brain areas supporting attention and memory. We show that the auditory attentional blink is associated with brain activity changes in a network including the medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that a problem in the interaction between attention and memory underlies the auditory attentional blink.

scholarly journals Distrust Before First Sight: Knowledge- and Appearance-Based Effects of Trustworthiness on the Visual Consciousness of Faces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eiserbeck ◽  
Alexander Enge ◽  
Milena Rabovsky ◽  
Rasha Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness

Not all visual stimuli processed by the brain reach the level of conscious perception. Previous research has shown that the emotional value of a stimulus is one of the factors that can affect whether it is consciously perceived. Here, we investigated whether social-affective knowledge influences a face’s chance to reach visual consciousness. Furthermore, we took into account the impact of facial appearance. Faces differing in facial trustworthiness (i.e., being perceived as more or less trustworthy based on appearance) were associated with neutral or negative socially relevant information. Subsequently, an attentional blink task was administered to examine whether the manipulated factors affect the faces’ chance to reach visual consciousness under conditions of reduced attentional resources. Participants showed enhanced detection of faces associated with negative as compared to neutral social information. In event-related potentials (ERPs), this was accompanied by effects in the time range of the early posterior negativity (EPN) component. These findings indicate that social-affective person knowledge is processed already before or during attentional selection and can affect which faces are prioritized for access to visual consciousness. In contrast, no clear evidence for an impact of facial trustworthiness during the attentional blink was found. This study was pre-registered using the Open Science Framework (OSF).

scholarly journals The Attentional Blink Reveals Serial Working Memory Encoding: Evidence from Virtual and Human Event-related Potentials

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Craston ◽  
Brad Wyble ◽  
Srivas Chennu ◽  
Howard Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Lag 1 Sparing

Observers often miss a second target (T2) if it follows an identified first target item (T1) within half a second in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), a finding termed the attentional blink. If two targets are presented in immediate succession, however, accuracy is excellent (Lag 1 sparing). The resource sharing hypothesis proposes a dynamic distribution of resources over a time span of up to 600 msec during the attentional blink. In contrast, the ST2 model argues that working memory encoding is serial during the attentional blink and that, due to joint consolidation, Lag 1 is the only case where resources are shared. Experiment 1 investigates the P3 ERP component evoked by targets in RSVP. The results suggest that, in this context, P3 amplitude is an indication of bottom–up strength rather than a measure of cognitive resource allocation. Experiment 2, employing a two-target paradigm, suggests that T1 consolidation is not affected by the presentation of T2 during the attentional blink. However, if targets are presented in immediate succession (Lag 1 sparing), they are jointly encoded into working memory. We use the ST2 model's neural network implementation, which replicates a range of behavioral results related to the attentional blink, to generate “virtual ERPs” by summing across activation traces. We compare virtual to human ERPs and show how the results suggest a serial nature of working memory encoding as implied by the ST2 model.

scholarly journals Graded Visual Consciousness During the Attentional Blink

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Eiserbeck ◽  
Alexander Enge ◽  
Milena Rabovsky ◽  
Rasha Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Present Event

One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. This may depend on the experimental paradigm and the task used to investigate this question. The present event-related potential study (N = 32) focuses on the attentional blink paradigm for which so far only little and mixed evidence is available. Detection of T2 face targets during the attentional blink was assessed via an objective accuracy measure (reporting the faces’ gender), subjective visibility on a perceptual awareness scale (PAS) as well as event-related potentials time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.

scholarly journals Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Shen ◽  
Dominique T Vuvan ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Related Potentials

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation.

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