Relationships between 3D urban form and ground-level fine particulate matter at street block level: Evidence from fifteen metropolises in China

2022 ◽  
pp. 108745
Author(s):  
Anqi Zhang ◽  
Chang Xia ◽  
Weifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Block Level

scholarly journals Optimal estimation for global ground-level fine particulate matter concentrations

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 5621-5636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Robert J. D. Spurr ◽  
Easan Drury ◽  
Lorraine A. Remer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fine Particulate

Satellite-based estimates of ground-level fine particulate matter during extreme events: A case study of the Moscow fires in 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (34) ◽  
pp. 6225-6232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Robert C. Levy ◽  
Arlindo M. da Silva ◽  
Michal Krzyzanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (32) ◽  
pp. 18984-18990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander S. Venter ◽  
Kristin Aunan ◽  
Sourangsu Chowdhury ◽  
Jos Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Fine Particulate

The lockdown response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented reduction in global economic and transport activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level air pollution concentrations, using satellite data and a network of >10,000 air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find declines in the population-weighted concentration of ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 60% with 95% CI 48 to 72%), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 31%; 95% CI: 17 to 45%), with marginal increases in ozone (O3: 4%; 95% CI: −2 to 10%) in 34 countries during lockdown dates up until 15 May. Except for ozone, satellite measurements of the troposphere indicate much smaller reductions, highlighting the spatial variability of pollutant anomalies attributable to complex NOxchemistry and long-distance transport of fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5). By leveraging Google and Apple mobility data, we find empirical evidence for a link between global vehicle transportation declines and the reduction of ambient NO2exposure. While the state of global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings allude to the potential for mitigating public health risk by reducing “business as usual” air pollutant emissions from economic activities. Explore trends here:https://nina.earthengine.app/view/lockdown-pollution.

scholarly journals A low-cost monitor for simultaneous measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth – Part 1: Specifications and testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 5431-5441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Wendt ◽  
Casey W. Quinn ◽  
Daniel D. Miller-Lionberg ◽  
Jessica Tryner ◽  
Christian L'Orange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Equivalent Method

Abstract. Globally, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is a leading contributor to death, disease, and environmental degradation. Satellite-based measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations across the world, but the relationship between satellite-estimated AOD and ground-level PM2.5 is uncertain. Sun photometers measure AOD from the Earth's surface and are often used to improve satellite data; however, reference-grade photometers and PM2.5 monitors are expensive and rarely co-located. This work presents the development and validation of the aerosol mass and optical depth (AMOD) sampler, an inexpensive and compact device that simultaneously measures PM2.5 mass and AOD. The AMOD utilizes a low-cost light-scattering sensor in combination with a gravimetric filter measurement to quantify ground-level PM2.5. Aerosol optical depth is measured using optically filtered photodiodes at four discrete wavelengths. Field validation studies revealed agreement within 10 % for AOD values measured between co-located AMOD and AErosol RObotics NETwork (AERONET) monitors and for PM2.5 mass measured between co-located AMOD and EPA Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors. These results demonstrate that the AMOD can quantify AOD and PM2.5 accurately at a fraction of the cost of existing reference monitors.

Satellite-based observations of ground-level fine particulate matter and comparison to a regional air quality model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Handschuh ◽  
Frank Baier ◽  
Thilo Erbertseder ◽  
Martijn Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Fine Particulate

<p>Particulate matter and other air pollutants have become an increasing burden on the environment and human health. Especially in metropolitan and high-traffic areas, air quality is often remarkably reduced. For a better understanding of the air quality in specific areas, which is of great environment-political interest, data with high resolution in space and time is required. The combination of satellite observations and chemistry-transport-modelling has proven to give a good database for assessments and analyses of air pollution. In contrast to sample in-situ measurements, satellite observations provide area-wide coverage ​​of measurements and thus the possibility for an almost gapless mapping of actual air pollutants. For a high temporal resolution, chemistry-transport-models are needed, which calculate concentrations of specific pollutants in continuous time steps. Satellite observations can thus be used to improve model performances.</p><p>There are no direct satellite-measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) but ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 can be derived from optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD). A wide range of methods for the determination of PM2.5 concentrations from AOD measurements has been developed so far, but it is still a big challenge. In this study a semi-empirical approach based on the physical relationships between meteorological and optical parameters was applied to determine a first-guess of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations for the year 2018 and the larger Germany region. Therefor AOD observations of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard the NASA Aqua satellite were used in a spatial resolution of 3km. First results showed an overestimation of ground-level aerosols and quiet low correlations with in-situ station measurements from the European Environmental Agency (EEA). To improve the results, correction factors were calculated using the coefficients of linear regression between satellite-based and in-situ measured particulate matter concentrations. Spatial and seasonal dependencies were taken into account with it. Correlations between satellite and in-situ measurements could be improved applying this method.</p><p>The MODIS 3km AOD product was found to be a good base for area-wide calculations of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. First comparisons to the calculated PM2.5 concentrations from chemistry-transport-model POLYPHEMUS/DLR showed significant differences though. Satellite observations will now be used to improve the general model performance, first by helping to find and understand regional and temporal dependencies in the differences. As part of the German project S-VELD funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure BMVI, it will help for example to adjust the derivation of particle emissions within the model.</p>

scholarly journals Increasing co-occurrence of fine particulate matter and ground-level ozone extremes in the western United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri A. Kalashnikov ◽  
Jordan L. Schnell ◽  
John T. Abatzoglou ◽  
Daniel L. Swain ◽  
Deepti Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals A low-cost monitor for measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth. Part 1: Specifications and testing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Wendt ◽  
Casey W. Quinn ◽  
Daniel D. Miller-Lionberg ◽  
Jessica Tryner ◽  
Christian L'Orange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Equivalent Method

Abstract. Globally, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is a leading contributor to death, disease, and environmental degradation. Satellite-based measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are used to estimate PM2.5 concentrations across the world, but the relationship between satellite-estimated AOD and ground-level PM2.5 is uncertain. Sun photometers measure AOD from the Earth's surface and are often used to improve satellite data; however, reference-grade photometers and PM2.5 monitors are expensive and rarely co-located. This work presents the development and validation of the Aerosol Mass and Optical Depth (AMOD) sampler, an inexpensive and compact device that simultaneously measures PM2.5 mass and AOD and was designed specifically to be used in citizen science campaigns. The AMOD utilizes a low-cost light-scattering sensor in combination with a gravimetric filter measurement to quantify ground-level PM2.5. Aerosol optical depth is measured using optically filtered photodiodes at four discrete wavelengths. Field validation studies revealed agreement within 10 % for AOD values measured between co-located AMOD and AErosol RObotics NETwork (AERONET) monitors and for PM2.5 mass measured between co-located AMOD and EPA Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors. These results demonstrate that the AMOD can quantify AOD and PM2.5 accurately at a fraction of the cost of existing reference monitors.

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