scholarly journals Global dynamics of vector-borne diseases with horizontal transmission in host population

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Lashari ◽  
Gul Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Bayesian data assimilation provides rapid decision support for vector-borne diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (108) ◽  
pp. 20150367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P. Jewell ◽  
Richard G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Bayesian Data Assimilation

Predicting the spread of vector-borne diseases in response to incursions requires knowledge of both host and vector demographics in advance of an outbreak. Although host population data are typically available, for novel disease introductions there is a high chance of the pathogen using a vector for which data are unavailable. This presents a barrier to estimating the parameters of dynamical models representing host–vector–pathogen interaction, and hence limits their ability to provide quantitative risk forecasts. The Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) outbreak in New Zealand cattle demonstrates this problem: even though the vector has received extensive laboratory study, a high degree of uncertainty persists over its national demographic distribution. Addressing this, we develop a Bayesian data assimilation approach whereby indirect observations of vector activity inform a seasonal spatio-temporal risk surface within a stochastic epidemic model. We provide quantitative predictions for the future spread of the epidemic, quantifying uncertainty in the model parameters, case infection times and the disease status of undetected infections. Importantly, we demonstrate how our model learns sequentially as the epidemic unfolds and provide evidence for changing epidemic dynamics through time. Our approach therefore provides a significant advance in rapid decision support for novel vector-borne disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Biocontrol: The Indirect Effects of a Predator Population on a Host-Vector Disease Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyan Zhou ◽  
Hongxing Yao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Uniform Persistence ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
Vector Borne

A model of the interactions among a host population, an insect-vector population, which transmits virus from hosts to hosts, and a vector predator population is proposed based on virus-host, host-vector, and prey (vector)-enemy theories. The model is investigated to explore the indirect effect of natural enemies on host-virus dynamics by reducing the vector densities, which shows the basic reproduction numbersR01(without predators) andR02(with predators) that provide threshold conditions on determining the uniform persistence and extinction of the disease in a host population. When the model is absent from predator, the disease is persistent ifR01>1; in such a case, by introducing predators of a vector, then the insect-transmitted disease will be controlled ifR02<1. From the point of biological control, these results show that an additional predator population of the vector may suppress the spread of vector-borne diseases. In addition, there exist limit cycles with persistence of the disease or without disease in presence of predators. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to support analytical results.

scholarly journals Bifurcation Analysis in Models for Vector-Borne Diseases with Logistic Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guihua Li ◽  
Zhen Jin
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Backward Bifurcation ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Parameter Varying

We establish and study vector-borne models with logistic and exponential growth of vector and host populations, respectively. We discuss and analyses the existence and stability of equilibria. The model has backward bifurcation and may have no, one, or two positive equilibria when the basic reproduction numberR0is less than one and one, two, or three endemic equilibria whenR0is greater than one under different conditions. Furthermore, we prove that the disease-free equilibrium is stable ifR0is less than 1, it is unstable otherwise. At last, by numerical simulation, we find rich dynamical behaviors in the model. By taking the natural death rate of host population as a bifurcation parameter, we find that the system may undergo a backward bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation, and cusp bifurcation with the saturation parameter varying. The natural death rate of host population is a crucial parameter. If the natural death rate is higher, then the host population and the disease will die out. If it is smaller, then the host and vector population will coexist. If it is middle, the period solution will occur. Thus, with the parameter varying, the disease will spread, occur periodically, and finally become extinct.

scholarly journals Clustered Breeding Sites: Shelters for Vector-Borne Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. A. Dias ◽  
L. H. A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Host Population ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
Probabilistic Cellular Automaton ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Clustered Distributions ◽  
Homogeneous Distributions

Here, the propagation of vector-borne diseases is modeled by using a probabilistic cellular automaton. Numerical simulations considering distinct spatial distributions and time variations of the vector abundance are performed, in order to investigate their impacts on the number of infected individuals of the host population. The main conclusion is as follows: in the clustered distributions, the prevalence is lower, but the eradication is more difficult to be achieved, as compared to homogeneous distributions. This result can be relevant in the implementation of preventive surveillance measures.

scholarly journals Host population persistence in the face of introduced vector-borne diseases: Hawaii amakihi and avian malaria

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Woodworth ◽  
C. T. Atkinson ◽  
D. A. LaPointe ◽  
P. J. Hart ◽  
C. S. Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Face ◽  
Vector Borne

The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
John (Luke) Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2974-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Living Organisms

Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.

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