Regression mathematical modeling of the population of mouse-like rodents, hosts of blood-sucking arthropods in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is a regression mathematical modeling of the population of small mammals, hosts of ixodid ticks in the Kaluga Region, which allows assessing the likelihood of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases.Materials and methods. For 10 years (from 2009 to 2019), a 2k multifactorial experiment was performed in the field by the method of V. V. Kalmykov (2016). The study object was mouse-like rodents that are the most common in the Kaluga Region. Rodents were counted by standard methods using techniques of V. N. Shnitnikov (1929), P. B. Yurgenson (1934) and A. N. Formozov (1937). The generally accepted steel spring traps were used. Animals were counted throughout all habitats.Results and discussion. Regression mathematical models of the mouse-like rodent population were obtained depending on the average monthly temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure for the year in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region. The specific nature of the obtained analytical model is that the greatest influence on the population of small mammals is made by the interaction effect of two factors, temperature and atmospheric pressure. Their impact is more significant than the influence of each of the three study factors separately, in particular, it is stronger than the only influence of temperature by 1.02, the only impact of precipitation by 2.58, and the only impact of atmospheric pressure by 2.72. The analytic mathematical model allows us to calculate, without significant material or time costs, populations of mouse-like rodents not only in the Kaluga Region, but also in regions with similar climate conditions.

Maize cultivation in the Kaluga region for rolled grain conservation

В Калужской области в условиях инновационного развития животноводческой отрасли отмечено увеличение количества ферм с круглогодовым стойловым содержанием животных, которое требует качественных энергетических кормов собственного производства. В этом направлении актуально использование кукурузного корма в виде не только силоса, но и зерна. В результате многолетнего изучения в Калужском НИИСХ более 70 сортов и гибридов кукурузы зарубежной и отечественной селекции установлено, что в условиях области возможно выращивание кукурузы на силос, зерностержневую массу и зерно. Урожайность зелёной массы изучаемых гибридов составляла от 30 до 75 т/га, зерна — от 4 до 11 т/га. Произведён расчёт типовой научно обоснованной технологической карты возделывания кукурузы на зерно с последующим химическим консервированием плющеного зерна, показана экономическая эффективность технологии на примере Калужской области. Расчёты выполнены на основе использующихся в регионе технологий возделывания этой культуры и приготовления консервированного плющеного зерна в полимерном рукаве. При определении себестоимости продукции произведён расчёт потребности в денежных средствах по статьям затрат на выращивание кукурузы и приготовление её с помощью химического консервирования плющеного зерна. На основе полученных результатов установлено, что на производство 700 т плющеной консервированной кукурузы, при урожайности культуры 7 т/га, потребуется 5782,2 тыс. руб. (в ценах 2018 года). Для оценки вариабельности технологии с точки зрения рисков получения меньшей или большей урожайности нормативы затрат рассчитаны на 1 га и 1 т продукции при урожайности кукурузы на зерно 5, 7, 9 т/га. Полученные данные позволяют утверждать, что с ростом урожайности кукурузы от 5 до 9 т/га себестоимость 1 т продукции снижается с 11 405 до 6513 руб. (в ценах 2018 года). The number of farms keeping livestock indoors all year round grew in the Kaluga region. Therefore, local forage production of high quality and nutrition became an important issue. Maize grain is a promising feed along with corn silage. Kaluga Agricultural Research Institute tested over 70 foreign and domestic maize varieties and hybrids for several years proving crop applicability for silage production, cob mass and grain. Hybrids produced 30‒75 t ha-1 of green mass and 4‒11 t ha-1 of grain. A flow chart for maize rolled grain conservation was developed; economic efficiency of the technology was proved. Calculations were performed according to regional technology of maize cultivation and rolled grain conservation in plastic bag. Prime costs for rolled grain conservation were evaluated. Production and conservation of 700 t of maize rolled grain requires 5782.2 rubles (2018) when crop yielding 7 t ha-1. To consider the risk of yield variation costs for 1 ha and 1 t of grain were calculated under grain productivity of 5, 7, 9 t ha-1. Yield increase from 5 to 9 t ha-1 reduces prime costs for 1 t of grain mass from 11 405 to 6513 rubles (2018).

Technological maps of adaptive technologies of cultivation of food potato (on the example of the Kaluga region)

Purpose of research. Development of scientifically and economically sound technological maps for the cultivation of food potatoes based on modern adaptive technologies used in the Kaluga region. Research methods. Typical technologies for the production of food potatoes were developed by leading scientists of the Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture. Technological maps are calculated for two types of technologies: basic and with elements of Dutch, based on the methods of M. A. Bunkov, V. M. Golovach, as well as E. V. Fastova, O. A. Kovalenko, N. G. Belova. The economic efficiency of production is calculated on the basis of the methods of V. R. Boev and I. G. Ushachev. Results. According to the technological maps and calculations carried out, when cultivating food potatoes on an area of 100 hectares, 946 normosmen will be required according to the basic technology, and with elements of the Dutch one – 906 normosmen. For the production of 1 c of potatoes according to the basic technology, with a planned yield of 40 t/ha, it will take 581.6 rub. (in 2020 prices), with elements of the Dutch technology – 590 rub. The economic efficiency of potato production according to the basic technology, depending on the specified yield parameters (from 350 to 450 c/ha), varies from 67.5 to 124.2 %, and according to the technology with elements of Dutch – from 64.5 to 120.6 %. Scientific novelty. For the first time in terms of Kaluga region, the calculation scientifically and economically sound model routings of potato cultivation of food-based adaptive technologies, the use of new cultivars, highly productive mechanized units, as well as science-based system application of mineral fertilizers and means of plant protection, for the production of competitive on the domestic and foreign food market products.

Productive and reproductive traits of first-calf heifers of different origin under the conditions in LLC “Green lines – Kaluga”

Dairy cattle breeding have always occupied and will continue to occupy one of the leading places in the agro-industrial complex in our country. The most eff ective method of improving existing breeds according to opinion of a number of scientists is selection in line breeding. At the same time the evaluation of breeding sires by the quality of offspring is the cornerstone of breeding work. The purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of breeding sires, as well as their linear affiliation on the economically useful characteristics of first-calf heifers under specific conditions of maintenance and use. An analysis of the milk productivity and reproductive traits of first-calf heifers of different origin by sires and different line belonging has been presented in the article. The results of intra-linear selection and crosses of genealogical lines and their influence on the productive and reproductive traits of first-calf heifers have been evaluated. The research was carried out in LLC “Green Lines-Kaluga” of the Kaluga region. It has been established that for fixing in the genotype of the offspring of plentiful milk and fat milk in purebred breeding, it is necessary to use the following sires: Aragon 2102, Tabor 1292, Lira 2047, Phlox 1448, Chudny 1167, Yalik 397, Tabun 1277, as well as intra-linear selection in the line of Montwick Chieftain 9567929 and crosses of lines in combinations: Siling Traijun Rocket 252803 – Reflection Sovereign 198998 and Wes Ideal 933122 – Siling Traijun Rocket 252803. In order to reduce the age of the first insemination of maternal stock we recommend using a combination of lines: Wes Ideal 933122 – Montwick Chieftain 9567929, Wes Ideal 933122 – Reflection Sovereign 198998, Montwick Chieftain 9567929 – Wes Ideal 933122, Montwick Chieftain 9567929 – Reflection Sovereign 198998 and Siling Trijun Rocket 252803 – Wes Ideal 933122.

ESTIMATION OF DAMAGE FROM FLOODING OF TERRITORIES OF UNFINISHED CONSTRUCTION

The article discusses the negative impact of construction in progress on the environment. Accumulation of industrial waste waters at the construction site leads to soil degradation. Reviewed and adjusted methodology to assess the damage caused by the accumulation of industrial waste waters in the areas of construction in progress. The calculation of the damage caused by accumulation of industrial waste waters as an example of an unfinished residential building in Belousovo Zhukovsky District, Kaluga region.

DISTRIBUTION OF CHORIOPTOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE

The work was carried out in the conditions of OOO "Bryansk Meat Company" in Tula, Kaluga and Oryol regions. In the period from October to December 2020, we examined 235 animals of beef breed, of which 86 cows (2–3 years old), 90 calves (7–8 months old) and 59 stud bulls (1.5–2 years old) were of the Aberdeen Angus breed. According to the results of morphological studies, a mite of the genus Chorioptes bovis was diagnosed. The epizootological situation with respect to Chorioptes bovis was studied for three farms "Belolipka" in the Tula region, "Uteshevo" in the Kaluga region and "Rabotkogo" in the Oryol region. The keeping in the farms of OOO «BMK» is loose; in summer, the animals are driven to natural pastures, and in winter, they are in winter enclosures. To confirm the diagnosis of chorioptosis, a deep scraping with an abdominal scalpel in the area of the tailhead in the center of the lesion was taken before the appearance of the ichor. The approximate area of the skin lesion was 10–20 cm2 . We have established the greatest prevalence 93.8% with an intensity of invasion 33.1(12–49)±1.02 specimens/cm2 , which were detected in the Oryol region, as well as the lowest prevalence 80% with intensity of invasion 24.8(10–42)±0.96 specimens/cm2 in the Kaluga region.

FEATURES OF FLIES OF THE LIVESTOCK COMPLEX OF YUKHNOVSKY DISTRICT, KALUGA REGION

Flies are also the main negative indicator of the low-level sanitary condition of the production. At livestock farms and complexes of the Yukhnovsky District of the Kaluga Region, a significant part of livestock products is lost due to the parasitism of harmful insects, namely flies. The article describes some features of the fauna and ecology of zoophillic flies spread on the territory of the Collective Agricultural Enterprise UGRA in Yukhnov. The dominant species is Musca domestica domestica (CI 81.62%), the subdominant species are Protophormia terrae-novae (CI 13.97%), Muscina stabulans (CI 0.94%), Calliphora uralensis (CI 0.86%) and Fannia canicularis (CI 0.86%). Few in number are Calliphora vicina (CI 0.68%), Lucilia sericata (CI 0.45%), Сеrохуs urticae (CI 0.34%), Themira putris (CI 0.18%) and Ravinia striata (CI 0.15%). Diptera of the family Muscidae (CI 71.8%) dominate on pastures, and Caliphoridae (16.9%) and Sarcofagidae (6.2%) are subdominant. In the first family, the housefly is the most widespread (CI 21.6%) followed by Musca osiris (pasture fly 8.4%). The total duration of flying of the main species of zoophillic flies in their habitats ranges from 100 to 150 days.