scholarly journals Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adversities later in life. Survey data from a high-risk Norwegian sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 104234
Author(s):  
Anders Dovran ◽  
Dagfinn Winje ◽  
Kjersti Arefjord ◽  
Stian Tobiassen ◽  
Kristin Stokke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Delinquency in a High-Risk Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
Abigail Novak
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Research shows that adverse events experienced during childhood (i.e., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) are problematic, but few studies have examined race differences in the prevalence and impact of ACEs on delinquency. This study investigated these relationships using prospective data from approximately 600 high-risk families in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Ten ACEs were measured, five types of child maltreatment and five types of household dysfunction. White youth experienced a significantly greater number of ACEs (4.08) compared to Black youth (2.90) and a greater prevalence of seven individual ACEs. According to logistic regression analyses, the number of ACEs significantly increased the likelihood of self-reported alcohol use, marijuana use, violence (in some models), and arrest at age 16 among Blacks but not Whites; race differences were statistically significant for alcohol use, marijuana use, and arrest. The findings support the need for juvenile justice officials to recognize the trauma histories of youth offenders when determining appropriate treatment and sanctions.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-833
Author(s):  
Stefania Tognin ◽  
Ana Catalan ◽  
Gemma Modinos ◽  
Matthew J Kempton ◽  
Amaia Bilbao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between facial affect recognition (FAR) and type of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a sample of clinical high risk (CHR) individuals and a matched sample of healthy controls (HCs). Methods In total, 309 CHR individuals and 51 HC were recruited as part of an European Union-funded multicenter study (EU-GEI) and included in this work. During a 2-year follow-up period, 65 CHR participants made a transition to psychosis (CHR-T) and 279 did not (CHR-NT). FAR ability was measured using a computerized version of the Degraded Facial Affect Recognition (DFAR) task. ACEs were measured using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Bullying Questionnaire. Generalized regression models were used to investigate the relationship between ACE and FAR. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between FAR and psychotic transition. Results In CHR individuals, having experienced emotional abuse was associated with decreased total and neutral DFAR scores. CHR individuals who had experienced bullying performed better in the total DFAR and in the frightened condition. In HC and CHR, having experienced the death of a parent during childhood was associated with lower DFAR total score and lower neutral DFAR score, respectively. Analyses revealed a modest increase of transition risk with increasing mistakes from happy to angry faces. Conclusions Adverse experiences in childhood seem to have a significant impact on emotional processing in adult life. This information could be helpful in a therapeutic setting where both difficulties in social interactions and adverse experiences are often addressed.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Media Use: Perceptions of Caregivers of High-Risk Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6725
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Domoff ◽  
Aubrey L. Borgen ◽  
Nicole Wilke ◽  
Amanda Hiles Howard
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Risk Youth

Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to develop risky health behaviors. With the increase of media use in the general population, it is likely that these high-risk youth are developing maladaptive behaviors associated with media use (i.e., problematic media use). The goals of this article are (1) to describe symptoms of problematic media use in high-risk youth and (2) to determine whether ACEs are related to problematic media use in this population. Data were collected through online questionnaires from 348 parents or legal guardians of children ages 5 to 18 years, the majority of whom had been adopted. Parents and guardians reported on the child’s history of ACEs and completed the Problematic Media Use Measure-Short Form (PMUM-SF). Almost half of the participants reported that their child had a history of four or more ACEs (48.9%). Caregivers of foster or adopted children reported more symptoms of problematic media use than those reporting on their biological children. After adjusting for covariates, the number of ACEs predicted problematic media use above and beyond variance explained by demographic factors or screen time amount. Children with a history of ACEs had higher problematic media use compared to children without ACEs.

Latent Classes and Cumulative Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Elise Barboza
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Studies of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have gauged severity using a cumulative risk (CR) index. Few studies have focused on the nature of the context of adversity and their association with psychosocial outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the patterning of ACEs and to explore the resultant patterns’ association with HIV risk-taking, problem drinking, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify homogeneous, mutually exclusive “classes” of 11 of the most commonly used ACEs. The LCA resulted in four high-risk profiles and one low-risk profile, which were labeled: (1) highly abusive and dysfunctional (3.3%; n = 1,983), (2) emotionally abusive alcoholic with parental conflict (6%, n = 3,303), (3) sexual abuse only (4.3%, n = 2,260), (4) emotionally abusive and alcoholic (30.3%, n = 17,460), and (5) normative, low risk (56.3%, n = 32,950). Compared to the low-risk class, each high-risk profile was differentially associated with adult psychosocial outcomes even when the conditional CR within that class was similar. The results further our understanding about the pattern of ACEs and the unique pathways to poor health. Implications for child welfare systems when dealing with individuals who have experienced multiple forms of early childhood maltreatment and/or household dysfunction are discussed.

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