scholarly journals Self-esteem in adolescents with reactive attachment disorder or disinhibited social engagement disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 105141
Author(s):  
Astrid R. Seim ◽  
Thomas Jozefiak ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Nanna S. Kayed
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

Overview of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Black
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

The chapter “Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders” is new to DSM-5 and includes two disorders that begin in childhood (reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders. In each condition, the individual has been exposed to a traumatic or stressful event or, in the case of the childhood conditions, early social neglect. The disorders are briefly reviewed, and interested readers are referred to reviews on PTSD and adjustment disorders.  This review contains 5 tables, and 28 references. Key words: acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reactive attachment disorder, stressors, trauma 

scholarly journals Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence: co-occurring psychopathology and psychosocial problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid R. Seim ◽  
Thomas Jozefiak ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Nanna S. Kayed
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
National Study ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

AbstractInsufficient care is associated with most psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems, and is part of the etiology of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, and aid treatment and care, clinicians need to know to which degree RAD and DSED co-occur with other psychopathology and psychosocial problems, a topic little researched in adolescence. In a national study of all adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old; 58% girls) in Norwegian residential youth care, the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview yielded information about psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial problems categorized as present/absent, and the Child Behavior Check List questionnaire was applied for dimensional measures of psychopathology. Most adolescents with a RAD or DSED diagnosis had several cooccurring psychiatric disorders and psychosocial problems. Prevalence rates of both emotional and behavioral disorders were high in adolescent RAD and DSED, as were rates of suicidality, self-harm, victimization from bullying, contact with police, risky sexual behavior and alcohol or drug misuse. Although categorical measures of co-occurring disorders and psychosocial problems revealed few and weak associations with RAD and DSED, dimensional measures uncovered associations between both emotional and behavioral problems and RAD/DSED symptom loads, as well as DSED diagnosis. Given the high degree of comorbidity, adolescents with RAD or DSED—or symptoms thereof—should be assessed for co-occurring psychopathology and related psychosocial problems. Treatment plans should be adjusted accordingly.

scholarly journals Validity of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1465-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid R. Seim ◽  
Thomas Jozefiak ◽  
Lars Wichstrøm ◽  
Nanna S. Kayed
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
Youth Care ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Residential Youth Care ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

AbstractAlthough reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are acknowledged as valid disorders in young children, controversy remains regarding their validity in adolescence. An unresolved question is whether symptoms of RAD and DSED are better conceptualized as other psychiatric disorders at this age. All adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old) living in residential youth care in Norway were interviewed to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of RAD/DSED and other common psychiatric disorders using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). The construct validity of RAD and DSED, including structural and discriminant validity, was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Two-factor models distinguishing between symptoms of RAD and DSED and differentiating these symptoms from the symptoms of other psychiatric disorders revealed better fit than one-factor models. Symptoms of RAD and DSED defined two distinct latent groups in a profile analysis. The prevalence of RAD was 9% (95% CI 6–11%), and the prevalence of DSED was 8% (95% CI 5–11%). RAD and DSED are two distinct latent factors not accounted for by other common psychiatric disorders in adolescence. RAD and DSED are not uncommon among adolescents in residential youth care and therefore warrant easy access to qualified health care and prevention in high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years: Effects of institutional care history and high-quality foster care

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Attachment Disorders ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

AbstractTwo disorders of attachment have been consistently identified in some young children following severe deprivation in early life: reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder. However, less is known about whether signs of these disorders persist into adolescence. We examined signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years in 111 children who were abandoned at or shortly after birth and subsequently randomized to care as usual or to high-quality foster care, as well as in 50 comparison children who were never institutionalized. Consistent with expectations, those who experienced institutional care in early life had more signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder at age 12 years than children never institutionalized. In addition, using a conservative intent-to-treat approach, those children randomized to foster care had significantly fewer signs of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder than those randomized to care as usual. Analyses within the ever institutionalized group revealed no effects of the age of placement into foster care, but number of caregiving disruptions experienced and the percentage of the child's life spent in institutional care were significant predictors of signs of attachment disorders assessed in early adolescence. These findings indicate that adverse caregiving environments in early life have enduring effects on signs of attachment disorders, and provide further evidence that high-quality caregiving interventions are associated with reductions in both reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder.

scholarly journals Association between Reactive Attachment Disorder/Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder and Emerging Personality Disorder: A Feasibility Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadija Mirza ◽  
Gracia Mwimba ◽  
Rachel Pritchett ◽  
Claire Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Reactive Attachment Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽  
Reactive Attachment

A systematic review of reactive attachment disorder (RAD)/disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) in adolescence highlighted that young people with the disorder had indiscriminate friendliness with difficulties in establishing and maintaining stable relationships. Most reported experiences of rejection. We were struck by similarities between the above and features of emergence of personality disorders (EPD). This feasibility study aimed to determine best ways of recruiting and retaining vulnerable young people and the proportion of participants with RAD/DSED who might have emerging borderline personality disorder (EBPD). Participants were referred to the study by their treating clinicians from local mental health teams. Results showed strong association between RAD/DSED and EBPD. Participant characteristics showed high levels of out of home placements, early termination of school careers, suicide attempts, quasipsychotic symptoms, and multiagency involvements. They experienced the project as an opportunity to talk about relationships and reported that they would like more of this in usual clinical contacts. They all agreed to be contacted for future studies. Previous studies have shown that early detection and treatment of emergent personality traits can alter trajectory. Future research will continue to explore these trajectories, explore detection of vulnerability factors, and evaluate interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document