Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of solitary plasmacytoma of bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a malignant tumor caused by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells, representing less than 5% of plasma cell tumors. SP can be categorized into two groups: solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP). SEP most commonly occurs in the head and neck and is rarely located in the reproductive system. Here, we report a case of a 77-year-old woman with SEP in the cervix who had a 7-day history of vaginal bleeding. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an oval mass in the cervix, which was initially considered as neoplastic lesions and highly suspected to be cervical cancer, but cervical leiomyoma and other benign tumors cannot be completely excluded. Subsequently, cervical biopsy showed that the tumor was SEP, and then the patient underwent surgery. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was also SEP, which confirmed the radiologist’s misjudgment. In conclusion, SEP that occurs in the cervix is remarkably rare, and only nine cases have been reported in the cervix. No case reports to date have described in detail the imaging findings of cervical SEP. This study demonstrates the MRI imaging characteristics of a patient with SEP of the cervix and reviews the imaging findings of SEP reported in the previous literature, in order to provide more extensive insights for radiologists to consider the differential diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Download Full-text

Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Mesentery: A Systematic Clinician’s Diagnosis

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/5901503 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgia Mitropoulou ◽

Adamantia Zizi-Sermpetzoglou ◽

Hippokrates Moschouris ◽

Athanasios Kountourogiannis ◽

Despoina Myoteri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cell ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Plasma Cell Neoplasm ◽

Mesenteric Root ◽

Laparoscopic Biopsy ◽

Bone Marrow Plasma ◽

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Introduction. Plasmacytoma is an uncommon plasma cell neoplasm and its localized form is solitary plasmacytoma of the bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Solitary plasmacytoma of the mesentery is extremely rare, reported only in a handful of cases. Case Presentation. A 47-year-old man with nonspecific abdominal complains was found to have an ill-defined mass on his mesenteric root. Laparoscopic biopsy and stepwise histopathological examination revealed a mesenteric plasmacytoma, and extensive imaging and laboratory investigations led to the diagnosis of the solitary mesenteric plasmacytoma. The patient underwent definitive radiotherapy and remains under remission one year later. Discussion. Plasma cell dyscrasias include a variant of proliferative disease, characterized by clonal expansion of bone marrow plasma cells, producing a massive quantity of monoclonal immunoglobulin called paraprotein or M-protein. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma accounts for only 3–5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Meticulous adherence to the established diagnostic criteria helps the clinician to set the correct, yet very unusual and unexpected diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Presenting as Asymptomatic Palatal Erythroplakia: Report of a Case

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3762

Author(s):

Francesca Lalla ◽

Alessandro Vinciguerra ◽

Alessandra Lissoni ◽

Gianluigi Arrigoni ◽

Francesca Lira Luce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

Excisional Biopsy ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Systemic Spread ◽

Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma ◽

Immunohistochemical Studies ◽

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a rare malignant tumor of plasma cells with no systemic spread; however, when it disseminates and affects multiple skeletal sites, it is called multiple myeloma (MM). The etiology of solitary plasmacytoma is unknown, with two possible subtypes: solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) and solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP). We present a case of EMP arising as asymptomatic erythroplakia of the palate, which is rarely described in the literature. The definitive diagnosis was obtained with immunohistochemical studies, after which the lesion was subjected to excisional biopsy. At present, after two years of close follow-up, the patient has shown no signs of relapse or conversion to MM. The uniqueness of the case highlights the possibility of an atypical EMP lesion in the head and neck, thus posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians.

Download Full-text

SOLITARY PLASMACYTOMA

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2017.052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e2017052 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sara Grammatico ◽

Emilia Scalzulli ◽

Maria Teresa Petrucci

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Systemic Involvement ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma ◽

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease characterized by a localized proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells, without evidence of systemic disease. It can be subdivided into solitary bone plasmacytoma, if the lesion originates in bone, or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, if the lesion involves a soft tissue. Incidence of solitary bone plasmacytoma is higher than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Also prognosis is different: even if both forms respond well to treatment, overall survival and progression free survival of solitary bone plasmacytoma is poorer than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma due to its higher rate of evolution in multiple myeloma. However, the recent advances in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma can better refine also the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Flow cytometry studies and molecular analysis may reveal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow; magnetic resonance imaging or 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography could better define osteolytic bone lesions. A more precise exclusion of eventual occult systemic involvement can avoid cases of misdiagnosed multiple myeloma patients, that were previously considered solitary plasmacytoma and less treated, with an unavoidable poor prognosis.Due to the rarity of the disease, there is no uniform consensus about prognostic factors and treatment. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice; however, some authors debates about the radiotherapy dose and the relationship with the response rate. Moreover, the role of surgery and chemotherapy is still under debate. Nevertheless, we must consider that the majority of studies include a small number of patients and analyze the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy; few cases are reported concerning the efficacy of novel agents.Keywords: solitary plasmacytoma; myeloma; radiotherapy; osteolytic lesions

Download Full-text

8 / Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Lung in a Young Healthy Male

10.26226/morressier.5b45c13e6f4cb3001095174c ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anusha Vakiti

Keyword(s):

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Download Full-text

Sequential Bilateral Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Ciliary Body

Cornea ◽

10.1097/ico.0b013e3180621087 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 759-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carol L Shields ◽

William H Chong ◽

Hormoz Ehya ◽

Jerry A Shields

Keyword(s):

Ciliary Body ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

Download Full-text

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of The Frontal Sinus: A Case Report

FACE ◽

10.1177/27325016211053640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 273250162110536

Author(s):

Joshua Harrison ◽

Samantha Marley ◽

Shawhin Shahriari ◽

Christian Bowers ◽

Anil Shetty

Keyword(s):

Frontal Sinus ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽

High Rate ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

History Of

We report a rare case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) in the frontal sinus with an indolent clinical presentation. Although a history of trauma was absent, the initial diagnosis was a mucocele, based on the radiological findings. Upon surgical excision, the patient was found to have an EMP. EMP, a form of solitary plasmacytoma, has a significantly high rate of conversion to multiple myeloma. This mandates long-term follow-up, even after successful radiotherapy and/or resection. While radiation therapy is generally considered a first line treatment for EMP, surgical intervention may provide optimal treatment in complicated cases. This case presentation highlights the prognosis of patients diagnosed with EMP.

Download Full-text