Neural mechanisms of response inhibition

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veit Stuphorn
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

scholarly journals S76. PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE RESPONSE INHIBITION IN INDIVIDUAL WITH SCHIZOTYPY: AN ERP STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S63-S63
Author(s):  
Ya Wang ◽  
Lu-xia Jia ◽  
Xiao-jing Qin ◽  
Jun-yan Ye ◽  
Raymond Chan
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Present Event

Abstract Background Schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, have been found to show impairments in response inhibition. Recent studies differentiated proactive inhibition (a preparatory process before the stimuli appears) and reactive inhibition (the inhibition of a pre-potent or already initiated response). However, it remains unclear whether both proactive and reactive inhibition are impaired in schizotypy and what are the neural mechanisms. The present event-related potential study used an adapted stop-signal task to examine the two inhibition processes and the underlying neural mechanisms in schizotypy compared to healthy controls (HC). Methods A total of 21 individuals with schizotypy and 25 matched HC participated in this study. To explore different degrees of proactive inhibition, we set three conditions: a “certain” go condition which no stop signal occurred, a “17% no go” condition in which stop signal would appear in 17% of trials, and a “33% no go” condition in which stop signal would appear in 33% of trials. All participants completed all the conditions, and EEG was recorded when participants completed the task. Results Behavioral results showed that in both schizotypy and HC, the reaction times (RT) of go trials were significantly prolonged as the no go percentage increased, and HC showed significantly longer go RT compared with schizotypy in both “17% no go” and “33% no go” conditions, suggesting greater proactive inhibition in HC. Stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) in “33% no go” condition was shorter than “17% no go” condition in both groups. Schizotypy showed significantly longer SSRTs in both “17% no go” and “33% no go” conditions than HC, indicating schizotypy relied more on reactive inhibition. ERP results showed that schizotypy showed larger overall N1 for go trials than HC irrespective of condition, which may indicate a compensation process in schizotypy. Schizotypy showed smaller N2 on both successful and unsuccessful stop trials in “17% no go” conditions than HC, while no group difference was found in “33% no go” conditions for stop trials, which may indicate impaired error processing. Discussion These results suggested that schizotypy tended to be impaired in both proactive control and reactive control processes.

scholarly journals Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via beta-band oscillations in humans

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaum ◽  
Edoardo Pinzuti ◽  
Alexandra Sebastian ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Activity

Motor inhibitory control implemented as response inhibition is an essential cognitive function required to dynamically adapt to rapidly changing environments. Despite over a decade of research on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition, it remains unclear, how exactly response inhibition is initiated and implemented. Using a multimodal MEG/fMRI approach in 59 subjects, our results reliably reveal that response inhibition is initiated by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) as a form of attention-independent top-down control that involves the modulation of beta-band activity. Furthermore, stopping performance was predicted by beta-band power, and beta-band connectivity was directed from rIFG to pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), indicating rIFG’s dominance over pre-SMA. Thus, these results strongly support the hypothesis that rIFG initiates stopping, implemented by beta-band oscillations with potential to open up new ways of spatially localized oscillation-based interventions.

Lateralized neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of response inhibition processes

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1771-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ocklenburg ◽  
Onur Güntürkün ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

EPA-1084 - Catechol o-methyltransferase val158met genotype and neural mechanisms related to response inhibition in chronic cannabis users

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. Batalla ◽  
A.B. Fagundo ◽  
L. Blanco-Hinojo ◽  
C. Soriano-Mas ◽  
R. Navinés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

Emotional response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neural and behavioural data

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López-Martín ◽  
J. Albert ◽  
A. Fernández-Jaén ◽  
L. Carretié
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Related Potentials

BackgroundAlthough both emotion and response inhibition are thought to be important in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these two processes in patients with this disorder. This study aimed at examining how emotional contexts affect inhibitory control in children with ADHD.MethodA total of 24 ADHD children and 24 healthy comparison subjects performed a modified go/no-go task during three different emotionally laden contexts: negative, neutral and positive. To explore the timing and the underlying neural substrates of emotion-modulated response inhibition, event-related potentials were measured and further analysed both at the scalp and at the voxel level.ResultsPatients with ADHD showed greater activation of inhibition-related neural mechanisms (i.e. no-go P3 amplitudes and orbitofrontal cortex activity) to maintain a similar level of performance as healthy comparison subjects, especially during the emotionally arousing contexts (negative and positive).ConclusionsThis study provides plausible neural mechanisms for the difficulty that ADHD children have in controlling their behaviour in highly emotional situations. Such emotional contexts might increase the need for top-down inhibitory control and put ADHD children at greater risk for impulsive behaviours and emotional dysregulation.

scholarly journals Auditory and Visual Response Inhibition in Children with Bilateral Hearing Aids and Children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bell ◽  
Wolfgang Scharke ◽  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Janina Fels ◽  
Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Children With Adhd

Children fitted with hearing aids (HAs) and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have marked difficulties concentrating in noisy environments. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanism of auditory and visual attention deficits in a direct comparison of both groups. The current functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study was the first to investigate the behavioral performance and neural activation during an auditory and a visual go/nogo paradigm in children fitted with bilateral HAs, children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). All children reacted faster, but less accurately, to visual than auditory stimuli, indicating a sensory-specific response inhibition efficiency. Independent of modality, children with ADHD and children with HAs reacted faster and tended to show more false alarms than TDC. On a neural level, however, children with ADHD showed supra-modal neural alterations, particularly in frontal regions. On the contrary, children with HAs exhibited modality-dependent alterations in the right temporopolar cortex. Higher activation was observed in the auditory than in the visual condition. Thus, while children with ADHD and children with HAs showed similar behavioral alterations, different neural mechanisms might underlie these behavioral changes. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings with larger samples. To this end, fNIRS provided a promising tool to differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition deficits between groups and modalities.

scholarly journals C-47 Associations of Executive Functioning with Neural Mechanisms of Reward Processing in Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1076
Author(s):  
M Kryza-Lacombe ◽  
I Christian ◽  
J Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Left Insula

Abstract Objective Executive functioning (EF) deficits and difficulty adjusting to reward contingencies in youth are associated with concurrent and future psychopathology. Little is known about how EF relates to reward processing mechanisms. This study examines the associations of neural mechanisms of reward processing with cognitive flexibility and response inhibition, two subdomains of EF. Method dYouths (n = 22), ages 11-14, completed a youth-friendly monetary incentive delay task during multiband fMRI acquisition by hitting a piñata target via button press, to obtain a potential reward. The task included anticipation and feedback periods. On the same day, youths also completed two NIH Toolbox EF tasks on an iPad; the Dimensional Change Card Sort task and the Flanker task, measuring cognitive flexibility and response inhibition respectively. Whole-brain analyses evaluate brain activation associated with EF scores during anticipation and feedback periods. Results Cognitive flexibility was associated with left insula activation during feedback (xyz = -35,11,10, F(1,20) = 25.36, k = 30, p < .005, uncorrected), with lower scores predicting higher activation in left insula when participants failed to obtain a potential reward (r = -.52, p = 0.014). During reward anticipation, the Cognitive Flexibility x Reward Condition interaction predicted activation in the left fusiform (xyz = -45,-41,-16, F(1,20) = 23.94, k = 38) and left inferior frontal gyri (xyz = -39,33,10, F(1,20) = 16.86, k = 21; both p < .005, uncorrected), but post-hocs were non-significant. Response inhibition analyses are currently underway. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that EF may moderate reward-related neural activation in brain areas related to stimulus-driven attentional networks. Subjects with lower cognitive flexibility may have difficulty reframing failure when a reward is missed. Findings may inform intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 3353-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Dantong Zhu ◽  
Samson G. King ◽  
Cynthia J. Lees ◽  
Allyson J. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Vector Inversion ◽  
Goal Representation

Executive functions including behavioral response inhibition mature after puberty, in tandem with structural changes in the prefrontal cortex. Little is known about how activity of prefrontal neurons relates to this profound cognitive development. To examine this, we tracked neuronal responses of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys as they transitioned from puberty into adulthood and compared activity at different developmental stages. Performance of the antisaccade task greatly improved in this period. Among neural mechanisms that could facilitate it, reduction of stimulus-driven activity, increased saccadic activity, or enhanced representation of the opposing goal location, only the latter was evident in adulthood. Greatly accentuated in adults, this neural correlate of vector inversion may be a prerequisite to the formation of a motor plan to look away from the stimulus. Our results suggest that the prefrontal mechanisms that underlie mature performance on the antisaccade task are more strongly associated with forming an alternative plan of action than with suppressing the neural impact of the prepotent stimulus.

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