scholarly journals Auditory and Visual Response Inhibition in Children with Bilateral Hearing Aids and Children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bell ◽  
Wolfgang Scharke ◽  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Janina Fels ◽  
Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Children With Adhd

Children fitted with hearing aids (HAs) and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have marked difficulties concentrating in noisy environments. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanism of auditory and visual attention deficits in a direct comparison of both groups. The current functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study was the first to investigate the behavioral performance and neural activation during an auditory and a visual go/nogo paradigm in children fitted with bilateral HAs, children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). All children reacted faster, but less accurately, to visual than auditory stimuli, indicating a sensory-specific response inhibition efficiency. Independent of modality, children with ADHD and children with HAs reacted faster and tended to show more false alarms than TDC. On a neural level, however, children with ADHD showed supra-modal neural alterations, particularly in frontal regions. On the contrary, children with HAs exhibited modality-dependent alterations in the right temporopolar cortex. Higher activation was observed in the auditory than in the visual condition. Thus, while children with ADHD and children with HAs showed similar behavioral alterations, different neural mechanisms might underlie these behavioral changes. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings with larger samples. To this end, fNIRS provided a promising tool to differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition deficits between groups and modalities.

The neural correlates of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Fiske ◽  
Carina de Klerk ◽  
Katie Y. K. Lui ◽  
Liam H Collins-Jones ◽  
Alexandra Hendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
The Right

Inhibitory control, a core executive function, emerges in infancy and develops rapidly across childhood. Methodological limitations have meant that studies investigating the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control in infancy are rare. Employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy alongside a novel touchscreen task that measures response inhibition, this study aimed to uncover the neural underpinnings of inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants (N = 135). We found that when inhibition is required, the right prefrontal and parietal cortices were more activated than when there is no inhibitory demand. Further, activation in right prefrontal areas was associated with individual differences in response inhibition performance. This demonstrates that inhibitory control in infants as young as 10 months of age is supported by similar brain areas as in older children and adults. With this study we have lowered the age-boundary for localising the neural substrates of response inhibition to the first year of life.

scholarly journals fNIRS Assessment of Speech Comprehension in Children with Normal Hearing and Children with Hearing Aids in Virtual Acoustic Environments: Pilot Data and Practical Recommendations

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Laura Bell ◽  
Z. Ellen Peng ◽  
Florian Pausch ◽  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Pilot Data ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Acoustic Environments

The integration of virtual acoustic environments (VAEs) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers novel avenues to investigate behavioral and neural processes of speech-in-noise (SIN) comprehension in complex auditory scenes. Particularly in children with hearing aids (HAs), the combined application might offer new insights into the neural mechanism of SIN perception in simulated real-life acoustic scenarios. Here, we present first pilot data from six children with normal hearing (NH) and three children with bilateral HAs to explore the potential applicability of this novel approach. Children with NH received a speech recognition benefit from low room reverberation and target-distractors’ spatial separation, particularly when the pitch of the target and the distractors was similar. On the neural level, the left inferior frontal gyrus appeared to support SIN comprehension during effortful listening. Children with HAs showed decreased SIN perception across conditions. The VAE-fNIRS approach is critically compared to traditional SIN assessments. Although the current study shows that feasibility still needs to be improved, the combined application potentially offers a promising tool to investigate novel research questions in simulated real-life listening. Future modified VAE-fNIRS applications are warranted to replicate the current findings and to validate its application in research and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic response to familiar faces in children with ADHD

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimamura ◽  
Takeshi Inoue ◽  
Hiroko Ichikawa ◽  
Emi Nakato ◽  
Yuiko Sakuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Abstract Background School-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, in addition to impaired facial expression perception and recognition. For successful social interactions, the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is critical. However, there are no published reports on the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces by children with ADHD. Methods We evaluated the neural correlates of familiar and unfamiliar facial recognition in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic responses on the bilateral temporal regions while participants looked at photographs of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nine boys with ADHD and 14 age-matched TD boys participated in the study. fNIRS data were Z-scored prior to analysis. Results During familiar face processing, TD children only showed significant activity in the late phase, while ADHD children showed significant activity in both the early and late phases. Additionally, the boys with ADHD did not show right hemispheric lateralization to familiar faces. Conclusions This study is the first to assess brain activity during familiar face processing in boys with ADHD using fNIRS. These findings of atypical patterns of brain activity in boys with ADHD may be related to social cognitive impairments from ADHD.

scholarly journals Association Between Fatty Acids Profile and Cerebral Blood Flow: An Exploratory fNIRS Study on Children with and without ADHD

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Grazioli ◽  
Alessandro Crippa ◽  
Maddalena Mauri ◽  
Caterina Piazza ◽  
Andrea Bacchetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Nirs Signal

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) biostatus has been proposed as possible attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis biomarker. The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the association between PUFAs biostatus and cerebral cortex metabolism measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a sample of children with and without ADHD. 24 children with ADHD and 22 typically developing (TD) peers, aged 8–14, were recruited. Linoleic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids levels were evaluated in whole blood. All children underwent fNIRS while performing an n-back working memory task. Between groups comparisons revealed lower levels of arachidonic acid in children with ADHD and stronger NIRS signal in TD participants, especially when completing more difficult tasks. Correlations conducted between fNIRS activation and PUFA biostatus revealed several associations between hemodynamic changes in the frontoparietal regions and fatty acids profile across participants. This result was also confirmed by the multiple hierarchical regression analyses that remarked an inverse effect of eicosapentaenoic acid levels on oxyhemoglobin values in right frontoparietal region. Such preliminary findings, if confirmed, would suggest that PUFAs could play a role in atypical neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Neural responses to happy, fearful and angry faces of varying identities in 5- and 7-month-old infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Bayet ◽  
Katherine L. Perdue ◽  
Hannah F. Behrendt ◽  
John E. Richards ◽  
Alissa Westerlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

AbstractFacial emotion processing is an important social skill that develops throughout infancy and early childhood. Here we investigate the neural underpinnings of the ability to process facial emotion across changes in facial identity in cross-sectional groups of 5- and 7-month-old infants. We simultaneously measured neural metabolic, behavioral, and autonomic responses to happy, fearful, and angry faces of different female models using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), eye-tracking, and heart rate measures. We observed significant neural activation to these facial emotions in a distributed set of frontal and temporal brain regions, and longer looking to the mouth region of angry faces compared to happy and fearful faces. No differences in looking behavior or neural activations were observed between 5- and 7-month-olds, although several exploratory, age-independent associations between neural activations and looking behavior were noted. Overall, these findings suggest more developmental stability than previously thought in responses to emotional facial expressions of varying identities between 5- and 7-months of age.

scholarly journals Changes in neurovascular coupling during cycling exercise measured by multi-distance fNIRS: a comparison between endurance athletes and physically active controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (11) ◽  
pp. 2957-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Seidel ◽  
Daniel Carius ◽  
Julia Roediger ◽  
Sebastian Rumpf ◽  
Patrick Ragert
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Cycling Test

Abstract It is well known that endurance exercise modulates the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about its effects on brain function and structure is rather sparse. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate exercise-dependent adaptations in neurovascular coupling to different intensity levels in motor-related brain regions. Moreover, expertise effects between trained endurance athletes (EA) and active control participants (ACP) during a cycling test were investigated using multi-distance functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Initially, participants performed an incremental cycling test (ICT) to assess peak values of power output (PPO) and cardiorespiratory parameters such as oxygen consumption volume (VO2max) and heart rate (HRmax). In a second session, participants cycled individual intensity levels of 20, 40, and 60% of PPO while measuring cardiorespiratory responses and neurovascular coupling. Our results revealed exercise-induced decreases of deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), indicating an increased activation in motor-related brain areas such as primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC). However, we could not find any differential effects in brain activation between EA and ACP. Future studies should extend this approach using whole-brain configurations and systemic physiological augmented fNIRS measurements, which seems to be of pivotal interest in studies aiming to assess neural activation in a sports-related context.

scholarly journals Neural Processing of Cognitive Control in an Emotionally Neutral Context in Anxiety Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Nicola König ◽  
Sarah Steber ◽  
Anna Borowski ◽  
Harald Bliem ◽  
Sonja Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Neutral Context ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation

Impaired cognitive control plays a crucial role in anxiety disorders and is associated with deficient neural mechanisms in the fronto-parietal network. Usually, these deficits were found in tasks with an emotional context. The present study aimed at investigating electrophysiological and vascular signatures from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in anxiety patients versus healthy controls during an inhibition task integrated in an emotionally neutral context. Neural markers were acquired during the completion of a classical Eriksen flanker task. The focus of data analysis has been the ERPs N200 and P300 and fNIRS activations in addition to task performance. No behavioral or neural group differences were identified. ERP findings showed a larger N2pc and a delayed and reduced P300 for incongruent stimuli. The N2pc modulation suggests the reorienting of attention to salient stimuli, while the P300 indicates longer lasting stimulus evaluation processes due to increased task difficulty. FNIRS did not result in any significant activation potentially suggesting a contribution from deeper brain areas not measurable with fNIRS. The missing group difference in our non-emotional task indicates that no generalized cognitive control deficit but rather a more emotionally driven deficit is present in anxiety patients.

The application of mobile fNIRS to “shopper neuroscience” – first insights from a merchandising communication study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 244-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Krampe ◽  
Enrique Strelow ◽  
Alexander Haas ◽  
Peter Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Purpose This study is the first to examine consumer’s neural reaction to different merchandising communication strategies at the point-of-sale (PoS) by applying functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). By doing so, the purpose of this study is to extend consumer neuroscience to retail and shopper research. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted in which 36 shoppers were exposed to a realistic grocery shopping scenario while their brain haemodynamics were measured using mobile fNIRS. Findings Results revealed that mobile fNIRS appears a valid method to study neural activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the field of “shopper neuroscience”. More precisely, results demonstrated that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) might be crucial for processing and predicting merchandising communication strategy effectiveness. Research limitations/implications This research gives evidence that certain regions of the PFC, in particular the OFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), are crucial to process and evaluate merchandising communication strategies. Practical implications The current work opens a promising new avenue for studying and understanding shopper’s behaviour. Mobile fNIRS enables marketing management to collect neural data from shoppers and analyse neural activity associated with real-life settings. Furthermore, based on a better understanding of shoppers’ perceptual processes of communication strategies, marketers can design more effective merchandising communication strategies. Originality/value The study is the first to implement the innovative, mobile neuroimaging method of fNIRS to a PoS setting. It, therefore, opens up the promising field of “shopper neuroscience”.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Neurological Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Julie Petersen ◽  
Clarissa W. Ong ◽  
Allison S. Hancock ◽  
Ronald B. Gillam ◽  
Michael E. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Clinical perfectionism is the rigid pursuit of high standards, interfering with functioning. Little research has explored neural patterns in clinical perfectionism. The present study explores neural correlates of clinical perfectionism, before and after receiving ten 50-minute, weekly sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as compared to low-perfectionist controls, in specific cortical structures: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Participants in the perfectionist condition (n = 43) were from a randomized controlled trial evaluating ACT for clinical perfectionism and low-perfectionist controls were undergraduate students (n = 12). Participants completed three tasks (editing a passage, mirror image tracing, circle tracing) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure neural activation. Results indicate that ḥin the DLPFC and MPFC of the perfectionists whereas activation in the other tasks were relatively similar. There were no differences were observed in the right DLPFC, MPFC, and right IPL between the posttreatment perfectionist and nonperfectionist control groups. Our findings suggest an unclear relationship between neural activation and perfectionism.

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