Hydraulic analysis of liquid nitrogen flow through concentric annulus with corrugations for High Temperature Superconducting power cable

Cryogenics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 102950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipsita Das ◽  
V.V Rao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Concentric Annulus ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals Thermo-Hydraulic Analysis of a Tri-Axial High-Temperature Superconducting Power Cable with Respect to Installation Site Geography

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3898
Author(s):  
Youngjun Choi ◽  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Changhyung Lee ◽  
Duyeon Won ◽  
Jaeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Return Path

Various high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables are being developed or are ready for commercial operation to help energy suppliers meet the growing power demand in urban areas. Recently, triaxial HTS power cables have been developed by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) and LS Cable & System. Further, KEPCO has been planning to install a 2 km long 23 kV/60 MVA triaxial HTS power cable to connect the Munsan and Seonyu substations and increase the stability of the power grid. The HTS power cables should be cooled down to a cryogenic temperature near 77 K. A thermo-hydraulic analysis of the cooling system considering the geographical characteristics of the installation site is essential for long-distance sections. This paper describes the thermo-hydraulic analysis of the triaxial HTS power cable to determine the proper mass flow rates of subcooled liquid nitrogen that meet the operating temperature and pressure of the cable for four configurations of cooling systems: (1) a single cooling system with an external return path, (2) a dual cooling system with an external return path, (3) a single cooling system with an internal return path, and (4) a dual cooling system with internal return path. Since the flow characteristics in a corrugated cable cryostat differ significantly from those in a typical annular tube, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to estimate the pressure drop along the cable cryostat. With the CFD analysis and given heat loads in the cable, the temperature and the pressure variations along the cable were calculated and their pros and cons were compared for each configuration of the cooling system. This thermo-hydraulic analysis will be referenced in the actual installation of the HTS power cable between the Munsan and Seonyu substations.

Installation and operation of the Southwire 30-meter high-temperature superconducting power cable

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2467-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Stovall ◽  
J.A. Demko ◽  
P.W. Fisher ◽  
M.J. Gouge ◽  
J.W. Lue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting

Two Application Issues of High Temperature Superconducting Maglev in the Evacuated Tube Transportation

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4389-4393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Ping Zhang ◽  
Jian Yue Yu ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Ben Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Evacuated Tube Transportation ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting Maglev ◽  
Stability Energy

Based on some special merits such as self-stability, energy-consuming-efficiency, less pollution, high reliability, and so on, high temperature superconducting maglev (HTSM) is one of the promising potential technologies among present Maglev technologies for the future evacuated tube transportation (ETT). In this paper, the possibility, the merits, and the demerits of the applications of HTSM in ETT system are investigated. Especially, two application issues, liquid nitrogen vessel on the vehicle and isolated gate set in ETT, are discussed and solutions are suggested. On the first issue, this paper suggests to install a pressure relief valve on the sealed liquid nitrogen vessel so as to reduce the liquid nitrogen vaporization in the vacuum tube. As for the second issue, this paper recommends to use HTSM permanent magnet (PM) track structure with a streamline separated gap between the surface of track and the bottom of liquid nitrogen vessel. Those guideway structure could fit to the isolation gate setting in ETT.

Development of a Superconducting Transformer for Rolling Stock

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Fujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Hata ◽  
Hiroki Kamijo ◽  
Ken Nagashima ◽  
Kazuya Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Superconducting Wire ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling

Having undertaken studies into a lightweight and highly efficient superconducting transformer for rolling stock, we developed a prototype with a primary winding, four secondary windings and a tertiary winding using Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting wire. Its primary voltage is 25kV, which is widely adopted as the catenary voltage on the world's high-speed lines. We adopted liquid nitrogen cooling, the weight being 1.71t excluding the refrigerator. The maximum output available to maintain superconductivity is 3.5MVA. We also introduce railways in Japan.

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