Upgrade of an integrated Langmuir probe system on the closed divertor target plates in the HL-2A tokamak

A newly designed divertor Langmuir probe diagnostic system has been installed in a rare closed divertor of the HL-2A tokamak and steadily operated for the study of divertor physics involved edge-localized mode (ELM) mitigation, detachment and redistribution of heat flux, etc. Two sets of probe arrays including 274 probe tips were placed at two ports (approximately 180° separated toroidally), and the spatial and temporal resolutions of this measurement system could reach 6 mm and 1 s, respectively. A novel design of the ceramic isolation ring can ensure reliable electrical insulation property between the graphite tip and the copper substrate plate where plasma impurities and the dust are deposited into the gaps for a long experimental time. Meanwhile, the condition monitoring and mode conversion between single and triple probe of the probe system could be conveniently implemented via a remote control station. The preliminary experimental result shows that the divertor Langmuir probe system is capable of measuring the high spatiotemporal parameters involved the plasma density, electron temperature, particle flux as well as heat flux during the ELMy H-mode discharges.

Constructing Cellulose Diacetate Aerogels with Pearl-Necklace-Like Skeleton Networking Structure

Cellulose and its derivative aerogels have attracted much attention due to their renewable and biodegradable properties. However, the significant shrinkage in the supercritical drying process causes the relatively high thermal conductivity and low mechanical property of cellulose and its derivatives aerogels. Considering the pearl-necklace-like skeleton network of silica aerogels, which can improve thermal insulation property and mechanical property. Herein, we propose a new strategy for fabricating cellulose diacetate aerogels (CDAAs) with pearl-necklace-like skeletons by using tert-butanol (TBA) as exchange solvent after experiencing the freezing-drying course. CDAAs obtained have the low density of 0.09 g cm−3, the nanopore size in the range of 10–40 nm, the low thermal conductivity of 0.024 W m−1 K−1 at ambient conditions, and the excellent mechanical properties (0.18 MPa at 3% strain, 0.38 MPa at 5% strain). Ultimately, CDAAs with moderate mechanical property paralleled to cellulose-derived aerogels obtained from supercritical drying process are produced, only simultaneously owning the radial shrinkage of 6.2%. The facile method for fabricating CDAAs could provide a new reference for constructing cellulose/cellulose-derived aerogels and other biomass aerogels.

Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Soil Properties for Gel Based Roof Tiles

Our current 21st century has seen more drastic changes in terms of environmental conditions due to global warming, climate change and deforestation. This has shown a great rise in the global temperature throughout the world. Normally, the roof top of a building is provided with tiles to protect the structural components and to create a comfortable environment. The tiles can be made of materials like clay, concrete, fly ash, lime etc. Due to the prevailing environmental challenges, there is a need for the tiles to be made as with more energy efficient material that supports thermal insulation and cost effectiveness. Aerogel and hydrogel are the gel based product that are used in our current work to enhance the thermal insulation property of the tiles. Various tests such as water absorption test, wet and dry cycle test, bending strength test, thermal conductivity test, wear and tear test are carried out on the tile to quantify its characteristics. All the above shows better value than the normal commercial tile product.

Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Soil Properties for Gel Based Roof Tiles

Our current 21st century has seen more drastic changes in terms of environmental conditions due to global warming, climate change and deforestation. This has shown a great rise in the global temperature throughout the world. Normally, the roof top of a building is provided with tiles to protect the structural components and to create a comfortable environment. The tiles can be made of materials like clay, concrete, fly ash, lime etc. Due to the prevailing environmental challenges, there is a need for the tiles to be made as with more energy efficient material that supports thermal insulation and cost effectiveness. Aerogel and hydrogel are the gel based product that are used in our current work to enhance the thermal insulation property of the tiles. Various tests such as water absorption test, wet and dry cycle test, bending strength test, thermal conductivity test, wear and tear test are carried out on the tile to quantify its characteristics. All the above shows better value than the normal commercial tile product.