Locomotor control: Inhibiting actions locally and senses globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. R1035-R1037
Author(s):  
Michael Jay ◽  
David L. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Control

scholarly journals Dynamic modulation of visual and electrosensory gains for locomotor control

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (118) ◽  
pp. 20160057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Sutton ◽  
Alican Demir ◽  
Sarah A. Stamper ◽  
Eric S. Fortune ◽  
Noah J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Sensory Conflict ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Eigenmannia Virescens ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Perceptual Weights

Animal nervous systems resolve sensory conflict for the control of movement. For example, the glass knifefish, Eigenmannia virescens , relies on visual and electrosensory feedback as it swims to maintain position within a moving refuge. To study how signals from these two parallel sensory streams are used in refuge tracking, we constructed a novel augmented reality apparatus that enables the independent manipulation of visual and electrosensory cues to freely swimming fish ( n = 5). We evaluated the linearity of multisensory integration, the change to the relative perceptual weights given to vision and electrosense in relation to sensory salience, and the effect of the magnitude of sensory conflict on sensorimotor gain. First, we found that tracking behaviour obeys superposition of the sensory inputs, suggesting linear sensorimotor integration. In addition, fish rely more on vision when electrosensory salience is reduced, suggesting that fish dynamically alter sensorimotor gains in a manner consistent with Bayesian integration. However, the magnitude of sensory conflict did not significantly affect sensorimotor gain. These studies lay the theoretical and experimental groundwork for future work investigating multisensory control of locomotion.

scholarly journals Diverse neuronal lineages make stereotyped contributions to the Drosophila locomotor control center, the central complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 521 (12) ◽  
pp. Spc1-Spc1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Yang ◽  
Takeshi Awasaki ◽  
Hung-Hsiang Yu ◽  
Yisheng He ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Complex ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Locomotor Control

An intracortical neuroprosthesis immediately alleviates walking deficits and improves recovery of leg control after spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (586) ◽  
pp. eabb4422
Author(s):  
Marco Bonizzato ◽  
Marina Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Motor Mapping ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Cord Injury

Most rehabilitation interventions after spinal cord injury (SCI) only target the sublesional spinal networks, peripheral nerves, and muscles. However, mammalian locomotion is not a mere act of rhythmic pattern generation. Recovery of cortical control is essential for voluntary movement and modulation of gait. We developed an intracortical neuroprosthetic intervention to SCI, with the goal to condition cortical locomotor control. Neurostimulation delivered in phase coherence with ongoing locomotion immediately alleviated primary SCI deficits, such as leg dragging, in rats with incomplete SCI. Cortical neurostimulation achieved high fidelity and markedly proportional online control of leg trajectories in both healthy and SCI rats. Long-term neuroprosthetic training lastingly improved cortical control of locomotion, whereas short training held transient improvements. We performed longitudinal awake cortical motor mapping, unveiling that recovery of cortico-spinal transmission tightly parallels return of locomotor function in rats. These results advocate directly targeting the motor cortex in clinical neuroprosthetic approaches.

scholarly journals Tardigrades exhibit robust inter-limb coordination across walking speeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine A Nirody ◽  
Lisset A. Duran ◽  
Deborah Johnston ◽  
Daniel J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Fluctuating Environments ◽  
Leg Coordination ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Walking Speeds

AbstractTardigrades must negotiate heterogeneous, fluctuating environments, and accordingly utilize locomotive strategies capable of dealing with variable terrain. We analyze the kinematics and inter-leg coordination of freely walking tardigrades (species: Hypsibius dujardini). We find that tardigrade walking replicates several key features of walking in insects despite disparities in size, skeleton, and habitat. To test the effect of environmental changes on tardigrade locomotor control circuits, we measure kinematics and inter-leg coordination during walking on two substrates of different stiffnesses. We find that the phase offset between contralateral leg pairs is flexible, while ipsilateral coordination is preserved across environmental conditions. This mirrors similar results in insects and crustaceans. We propose that these functional similarities in walking co-ordination between tardigrades and arthropods is either due to a generalized locomotor control circuit common to panarthropods, or to independent convergence onto an optimal strategy for robust multi-legged control in small animals with simple circuitry. Our results highlight the value of tardigrades as a comparative system towards understanding the mechanisms – neural and/or mechanical – underlying coordination in panarthropod locomotion.

Imagined Walking fMRI to Study Locomotor Control Post-Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. e38
Author(s):  
Emily Staggs ◽  
Victoria Scholl ◽  
Sarah Doren ◽  
Dustyn Whitesel ◽  
Thomas Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Stroke ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Control Post

scholarly journals Neurophysiology of Postural and Locomotor Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Kaoru Takakusaki
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Control

Patterns of Locomotor Drive to Motoneurons and Last-Order Interneurons: Clues to the Structure of the CPG

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Burke ◽  
A. M. Degtyarenko ◽  
E. S. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Fictive Locomotion ◽  
Cutaneous Reflex ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Locomotor Control ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

We have examined the linkage between patterns of activity in several hindlimb motor pools and the modulation of oligosynaptic cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in decerebrate unanesthetized cats to assess the notion that such linkages can shed light on the structure of the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. We have concentrated attention on the cutaneous reflex pathways that project to the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motor pool because of that muscle's unique variable behavior during normal and fictive locomotion in the cat. Differential locomotor control of last-order excitatory interneurons in pathways from low-threshold cutaneous afferents in the superficial peroneal and medial plantar afferents to FDL motoneurons is fully documented for the first time. The qualitative patterns of differential control are shown to remain the same whether the FDL muscle is active in early flexion, as usually found, or during the extension phase of fictive locomotion, which is less common during fictive stepping. The patterns of motor pool activity and of reflex pathway modulation indicate that the flexion phase of fictive locomotion has distinct early versus late components. Observations during “normal” and unusual patterns of fictive stepping suggest that some aspects of locomotor pattern formation can be separated from rhythm generation, implying that these two CPG functions may be embodied, at least in part, in distinct neural organizations. The results are discussed in relation to a provisional circuit diagram that could explain the experimental findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document