MODERN METHODS OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION IN PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION

Electrical circuits of reactive power compensation on the basis of thyristor control circuits in the power supply system of oil refineries are considered. The main advantages, advantages over traditional reactive power compensation systems and directions of introduction into the power supply system of modern production are formulated.

Robust finite automata in stochastic chemical reaction networks

Finite-state automata (FSA) are simple computational devices that can nevertheless illustrate interesting behaviours. We propose that FSA can be employed as control circuits for engineered stochastic biological and biomolecular systems. We present an implementation of FSA using counts of chemical species in the range of hundreds to thousands, which is relevant for the counts of many key molecules such as mRNAs in prokaryotic cells. The challenge here is to ensure a robust representation of the current state in the face of stochastic noise. We achieve this by using a multistable approximate majority algorithm to stabilize and store the current state of the system. Arbitrary finite state machines can thus be compiled into robust stochastic chemical automata. We present two variants: one that consumes its input signals to initiate state transitions and one that does not. We characterize the state change dynamics of these systems and demonstrate their application to solve the four-bit binary square root problem. Our work lays the foundation for the use of chemical automata as control circuits in bioengineered systems and biorobotics.

SYNTHESIS METHODS OF SELF-CHECKING COMBINATIONAL DEVICES OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLS BASED ON LOGICAL COMPLEMENT TO THE EQUILIBRIUM 1-OUT-OF 4 CODE

The article is devoted to the development of the logical complement method for the synthesis of self-checking digital devices and systems. The article highlights the features of using the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code for the synthesis of integrated control circuits of combinational logic devices by the method of logical complement. The basic structures of the organization of built-in control schemes by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium 1-out-of 4 code are described and several ways of organizing control schemes are considered. The fi rst one implies the control of devices with the allocation of outputs fours and the use of conversion of three outputs out of four in the basic structure. There is another way of organizing the control circuit by the method of logical complement to the equilibrium code and it involves the search for outputs triplets and their addition to the four-digit code word of the 1-out-of 4 code by directly connecting the output of the supervisor logic block to the tester input without any signal conversion. The third method is associated with the use of a basic structure with the circuit for the preliminary signal compression from the unit under test and the reduced number of outputs control. The article presents the results of experimental studies for each of the methods of organizing the built-in control circuit and estimates the structures technical implementation complexity as well as the probability of detecting errors at the outputs of the unit under test when single-stuck faults are introduced. In many cases the logical complement method allows to synthesize simpler self-checking devices compared to the duplication method with high rates of error detection at the unit under test outputs.

Elimination of negative feedback in TLR signalling allows rapid and hypersensitive detection of microbial contaminants

The exquisite specificity of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to sense microbial molecular signatures is used as a powerful tool to pinpoint microbial contaminants. Various cellular systems, from native human blood cells to transfected cell lines exploit TLRs as pyrogen detectors in biological preparations. However, slow cellular responses and limited sensitivity have hampered the replacement of animal-based tests such as the rabbit pyrogen test or lipopolysaccharide detection by Limulus amoebocyte lysate. Here, we report a novel human cell-based approach to boost detection of microbial contaminants by TLR-expressing cells. By genetic and pharmacologic elimination of negative control circuits, TLR-initiated cellular responses to bacterial molecular patterns were accelerated and significantly elevated. Combining depletion of protein phosphatase PP2ACA and pharmacological inhibition of PP1 in the optimized reporter cells further enhanced the sensitivity to allow detection of bacterial lipoprotein at 30 picogram/ml. Such next-generation cellular monitoring is poised to replace animal-based testing for microbial contaminants.

Synchronization and Power Unit Controller for CO2 Laser Cable Marking System

In this paper, we describe the design of the synchronization and power unit controller (SPUC) for CO2 laser cable marking system inline-processing. It is mainly composed of a synchronization and modulation control circuits. Power control of output laser beam is achieved by pulse width modulation (PWM). The synchronization between the CO2 laser, the rotating mask disk and the pivoting mirror is performed by a Lab VIEW based program and National Instruments (NI).

Feedback PID Controller-Based Closed-Loop Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Constant-Temperature–Constant-Voltage Method

Lithium-ion batteries are the most used technology in portable electronic devices. High energy density and high power per mass battery unit make it preferable over other batteries. The existing constant-temperature and constant-voltage charging technique (CT–CV), with a closed loop, lacks a detailed design of control circuits, which can increase charging speed. This article addresses this research gap in a novel way by implementing a simpler feedback proportional integral and differential (PID) control to a closed-loop CT–CV charging circuit. Voltage-mode control (VMC) and average current-mode control (ACM) methods were implemented to maintain the battery voltage, current, and temperature at safe limits. As per simulation results, 23% faster charging is achieved by implementing VMC and almost 50% faster charging is attained by employing the ACM technique in the PID controller. Our proposed control strategy is validated experimentally, which yields up to 25% faster charging of a battery than the reference battery.

Review of the book «Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes»

Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 1. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2020, 611 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040758-9.Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 2. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2021, 527 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040757-2.The first volume of the book includes papers devoted to three main areas of research in the field of synthesis of self-checking discrete systems: study of features of classical sum codes (Berger codes), modular sum codes, as well as their modifications proposed by the authors of the articles; study of features of codes for which check bits are obtained using convolutions modulo М = 2 of a part of data bits (polynomial codes and classical Hamming codes); research of the Boolean Complement method for organisation of self-checking discrete systems based on redundant binary codes. Materials are provided on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of redundant binary codes under the condition of errorfree check bits, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown modified sum codes and features of methods for synthesizing self-checking discrete systems based on binary redundant codes.The second volume of the book includes papers in the field of constructing binary sum codes weighted bits and transitions between bits occupying adjacent positions in data vectors of code words, as well as the results of studying their characteristics and methods of synthesising coding equipment. The issues of application of features of codes in organisation of self-checking discrete systems are considered. The reader will find on the pages of this volume materials on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of weight-based sum codes provided that the check bits are error-free, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown weight-based sum codes and features of methods for synthesising self-checking discrete systems based on them.The book can be useful for developers, researchers and engineers working in the field of technical diagnostics of discrete systems and synthesis of systems with fault detection, as well as students studying computer science, computer technology and automation.

Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes». Selected Abstracts of D.Sc. and Ph.D. Theses Submitted at Russian Transport Universities

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