Bovine Immune Responses to Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi Following Vaccination and Natural or Experimental Infections

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is the most costly eye disease of cattle. The principal etiologic agent of IBK is the Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovis. However, there have been reports of IBK outbreaks associated with Moraxella bovoculi. A retrospective study of IBK diagnostic cases submitted from July 1, 2010 through October 31, 2013 was conducted. Included in the study were 1,042 Moraxella isolates from 1,538 swabs of lacrimal secretions collected from 282 herds from 30 U.S. states. Moraxella isolates were identified to the species level and were composed of M. bovoculi (701 isolates), M. bovis (295 isolates), Moraxella ovis (5 isolates), and other Moraxella spp. (41). Minimum inhibitory concentrations required for 90% growth inhibition (MIC90) was calculated for representative isolates. The MIC90 values for both M. bovis and M. bovoculi were as follows: ampicillin and ceftiofur: ≤0.25 µg/ml; clindamycin: 2 µg/ml; danofloxacin and enrofloxacin: ≤0.12 µg/ml; florfenicol: 0.5 µg/ml; gentamicin: 1 µg/ml; neomycin: 4 µg/ml; tulathromycin: 2 µg/ml; and tylosin: 8 µg/ml. The MIC90 values for M. bovoculi included the following: chlortetracycline: ≤0.5 µg/ml; oxytetracycline: 4 µg/ml; penicillin: 0.25 µg/ml; spectinomycin: 32 µg/ml; sulfadimethoxine: >256 µg/ml; tiamulin: 1 µg/ml; and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: 4 µg/ml. For M. bovis, MIC90 values included the following: chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline: 1 µg/ml; penicillin: ≤0.12 µg/ml; spectinomycin: 16 µg/ml; sulfadimethoxine: ≤256 µg/ml; tiamulin: ≤0.5 µg/ml; and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: ≤2 µg/ml. The current work describes the frequency of isolation and differences in antimicrobial sensitivity observed among Moraxella isolates from case submissions.

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Moraxella bovoculi em casos de ceratoconjuntivite infecciosa bovina no Rio Grande do Sul

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012000800011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 743-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Felipe Libardoni ◽

Charles F.C. Scherer ◽

Luana Farias ◽

Andréia Vielmo ◽

Claudia Balzan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Moraxella Bovis ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Moraxella Bovoculi

A ceratoconjuntivite infecciosa (CI), embora raramente fatal, resulta em perdas econômicas significativas para os rebanhos bovinos e ovinos. Os principais agentes causadores dessa enfermidade são Moraxella bovis e Moraxella ovis. Em 2007 foi descrita uma nova espécie também responsável pela CI e denominada Moraxella bovoculi, que até o presente momento, não havia sido relatada no Brasil. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar e distinguir 54 isolados de Moraxella spp. de amostras clínicas oriundas de 34 bovinos e 17 ovinos, encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Bacteriologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria no período de 1990 a 2011, visando a identificação de M. bovoculi. A distinção dos isolados foi fundamentada nas características genotípicas, pela amplificação parcial da região intergênica 16S-23S e clivagem dos produtos da amplificação com enzima RsaI. Como resultados, 25 (46%) isolados foram caracterizados como M. bovis, 17 (32%) como M. ovis e 12 (22%) como M. bovoculi. Logo, conclui-se que M. bovoculi encontra-se presente no rebanho bovino do Rio Grande do Sul e, portanto, no Brasil.

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Ocular Immune Responses in Steers following Intranasal Vaccination with Recombinant Moraxella bovis Cytotoxin Adjuvanted with Polyacrylic Acid

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00699-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John A. Angelos ◽

Judy M. Edman ◽

Munashe Chigerwe

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Polyacrylic Acid ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Control Group ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Content Type ◽

Corneal Epithelial ◽

Moraxella Bovis ◽

Post Hoc

ABSTRACTInfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) caused byMoraxella bovisis the most common eye disease of cattle. The pathogenesis ofM. bovisrequires the expression of pili that enable the organism to attach to the ocular surface and an RTX (repeats in the structural toxin) toxin (cytotoxin or hemolysin), which is cytotoxic to corneal epithelial cells. In this pilot study, ocular mucosal immune responses of steers were measured following intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with a recombinantM. boviscytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid. Beef steers were vaccinated with either 500 μg (n= 3) or 200 μg (n= 3) of recombinantM. boviscytotoxin plus adjuvant. Control group steers (n= 2) were vaccinated with adjuvant alone, and all steers were given a booster on day 21. Antigen-specific tear IgA and tear IgG, tear cytotoxin-neutralizing antibody responses, and serum cytotoxin-neutralizing antibody responses were determined in samples collected prevaccination and on days 14, 28, 42, and 55. Changes in tear antigen-specific IgA levels from day 0 to days 28, 42, and 55 were significantly different between groups; however, inpost hoccomparisons between individual group pairs at the tested time points, the differences were not significant. Our results suggest that i.n. vaccination of cattle with recombinantM. boviscytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid effects changes in ocular antigen-specific IgA concentrations. The use of intranasally administered recombinantM. boviscytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid could provide an alternative to parenteral vaccination of cattle for immunoprophylaxis against IBK.

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Comparative analysis of adaptive immune responses following experimental infections of cattle with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-1 and an Asiatic atypical ruminant pestivirus

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (30) ◽

pp. 4494-4500 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victor Riitho ◽

Magdalena Larska ◽

Rebecca Strong ◽

S. Anna La Rocca ◽

Nicolas Locker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Experimental Infections ◽

Diarrhoea Virus

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella bovis isolates from cattle

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718789725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 739-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kara Robbins ◽

Aaron M. Dickey ◽

Michael L. Clawson ◽

John D. Loy

Keyword(s):

Laser Desorption ◽

Laser Desorption Ionization ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Moraxella Bovis ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Moraxella Bovoculi ◽

Tof Ms

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an economically significant disease caused by Moraxella bovis. Moraxella bovoculi, although not reported to cause IBK, has been isolated from the eyes of cattle diagnosed with IBK. Identification of M. bovis and M. bovoculi can be performed using biochemical or DNA-based approaches, both of which may be time consuming and inconsistent between laboratories. We conducted a comparative evaluation of M. bovoculi and M. bovis identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with a database provided by Bruker Daltonics (termed the BDAL database), the BDAL database supplemented with spectra generated in our study (termed the UNLVDC database), and with PCR–restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) typing. M. bovoculi ( n = 250) and M. bovis ( n = 18) isolates from cattle with or without IBK were used. MALDI-TOF MS using the UNLVDC database correctly identified 250 of 250 (100%) of M. bovoculi and 17 of 18 (94%) of M. bovis isolates. With the BDAL database, MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 249 of 250 (99%) of M. bovoculi and 7 of 18 (39%) of M. bovis isolates. In comparison, the PCR-RFLP test correctly identified 210 of 250 (84%) of M. bovoculi and 12 of 18 (66%) of M. bovis isolates. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS with the UNLVDC database was the most effective identification methodology for M. bovis and M. bovoculi isolates from cattle.

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