Impact of toxigenic Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction testing on the clinical microbiology laboratory and inpatient epidemiology

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Napierala ◽  
Erik Munson ◽  
Patrice Skonieczny ◽  
Sonia Rodriguez ◽  
Nancy Riederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introducing a Molecular Test Into the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Development, Evaluation, and Validation

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Context.—In the mid-1980s, the polymerase chain reaction methodology for the amplification of minute amounts of target DNA was successfully developed and then introduced into clinical use; such technology has led to a revolution in diagnostic testing. Despite enormous advances in the detection of infectious agents by amplification methods, there are also limitations that must be addressed. Objective.—To highlight the pertinent steps and issues associated with the introduction of an amplification assay into a clinical microbiology laboratory as well as the subsequent ongoing activities following its introduction into routine laboratory use. Data Sources.—Data were obtained from literature searches from 1990 through September 2002 using the subject headings “polymerase chain reaction,” “molecular assays,” and “amplification” as well as publications of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Data Extraction and Synthesis.—Using the findings obtained from these studies and publications, the process of introducing a molecular assay into the clinical microbiology laboratory was broken down into 4 major components: (1) initial phase of assay development, (2) polymerase chain reaction assay verification in which analytic sensitivity and specificity is determined, (3) assay validation to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity, and (4) interpretation of results and ongoing, required activities. The approach, as well as the advantages and limitations involved in each step of the process, was highlighted and discussed within the context of the published literature. Conclusions.—The application of molecular testing methods in the clinical laboratory has dramatically improved our ability to diagnose infectious diseases. However, the clinical usefulness of molecular testing will only be maximized to its fullest benefit by appropriate and careful studies correlating clinical findings with assay results.

scholarly journals Diagnostik Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasya Y. Damo ◽  
John P. Porotu'o ◽  
Glady I. Rambert ◽  
Fredine E. S. Rares
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract: The world is in fear of the pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) which is so deadly, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the world a global health emergency. The number of confirmed cases is still very high until now, even in Indonesia this pandemic is still not over. The transmission is so fast and wide, plus the current clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have varied, ranging from asymptomatic to severe. This literature review aims to determine the Diagnostic of COVID-19 with the most appropriate Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination and to find out the importance of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory examinations in COVID-19 Diagnostics. The method used is in the form of literature studies from several scientific sources that are accurate and valid regarding the Diagnostic of COVID-19 with Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination. The results showed that Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the gold standard in detecting COVID-19 although there are several factors that can affect the results of the PCR examination which then cause false negatives / positives. Conclusion Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination is very important and very helpful. Diagnostic COVID-19 in the Microbiology Laboratory can be done by using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Antigen, RDT Antibody, PCR, and Virus Culture. Diagnostic COVID-19 with the recommended Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Examination and the gold standard is PCR examination. However, there are also several factors that can affect the results of the PCR examination.Keywords: diagnostic, COVID-19, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory  Abstrak: Dunia sedang dalam ketakutan dengan pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) yang begitu mematikan, Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan dunia sebagai darurat kesehatan global. Jumlah kasus yang terkonfirmasi masih sangat tinggi hingga saat ini, bahkan di Indonesia pandemi ini masih belum berakhir. Penularannya begitu cepat dan luas, sertta manifestasi klinis COVID-19 yang bervariasi, mulai dari asimtomatik hingga parah. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik yang paling sesuai dan untuk mengetahui pentingnya pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik dalam Diagnostik COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan berupa studi pustaka dari beberapa sumber ilmiah yang akurat dan valid mengenai Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) merupakan gold standard dalam mendeteksi COVID-19 meskipun terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan PCR yang kemudian menimbulkan false negatif/positif. Kesimpulan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik sangat penting dan sangat membantu. Diagnostik COVID-19 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), Antibodi RDT, PCR, dan Kultur Virus. Diagnostik COVID-19 dengan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik yang direkomendasikan dan menjadi gold standard adalah PCR. Namun, ada juga beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan PCR.Kata Kunci: diagnostik, COVID-19, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik

Application of Rapid-Cycle Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnostic Testing in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin R. Cockerill
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Context.—Rapid-cycle real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology combines rapid thermocycling with real-time fluorescent probe detection of amplified target nucleic acids. Objectives.—To review and compare the method of rapid-cycle real-time PCR to conventional PCR methods. To describe the application of rapid-cycle real-time PCR for diagnostic testing in the microbiology laboratory. Data Selection.—Information is presented from published literature as well as from personal experience at the Mayo Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (Rochester, Minn). Conclusions.—Compared to conventional PCR methods, rapid-cycle real-time PCR diagnostics are much faster and easier to perform, and, because both PCR and probe detection occur in the same reaction vessel, the possibility of amplified product (amplicon) contamination is lessened. Furthermore, compared to conventional culture-based or direct antigen detection methods, rapid-cycle real-time PCR assays are frequently more sensitive and much more rapid techniques for detecting or quantifying microorganisms in human samples and for identifying genes or mutations in pathogens associated with antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Substantial Variation in Hospital Rankings after Adjusting for Hospital-Level Predictors of Publicly-Reported Hospital-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Datta ◽  
N. Neely Kazerouni ◽  
Jon Rosenberg ◽  
Vinh Q. Nguyen ◽  
Michael Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Across 366 California hospitals, we identified hospital-level characteristics predicting increased hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) rates including more licensed beds, teaching and long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals, and polymerase chain reaction testing. Adjustment for these characteristics impacted rankings in 24% of teaching hospitals, 13% of community hospitals, and 11% of LTAC hospitals.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3

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