Mixture toxicity assessment of selected insecticides to silver perch fingerling, Bidyanus bidyanus

Heavy metals may appear in the environment as a result of different anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture practices, industry and mining. They can reach aquatic environments as complex mixtures, and single chemical toxicity as a baseline for risk assessment can underestimate the impairment of ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate combined toxicity of binary mixtures of zinc and nickel to the tropical mysid Mysidopsis juniae. Acute toxicity was assessed and mixture toxicity was modelled using the conceptual models for concentration addition and independent action to predict whether both metals act additively or whether they interact with each other inside the organism. For that, the observed mortality data were compared with the modelled data. For the single toxicity assessment, results showed that nickel induced higher toxicity than did zinc, with lethal concentrations to 50% of the organisms of 180±30μgL–1 and 260±40μg zinc L–1 respectively. In binary mixtures, both metals acted additively and no interactions were predicted by using the conceptual models. The present study has highlighted the need to fill the gaps in toxicity studies using marine species and approaches that can help improve the assessment of accurate risk in the environment.

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Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures

10.7287/peerj.preprints.438 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Backhaus

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Critical Review ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Independent Action ◽

Soil Organisms ◽

Analytical Monitoring ◽

Marine Flora

Analytical monitoring surveys routinely confirm that organisms in the environment are exposed to complex multi-component pharmaceutical mixtures. We are hence tasked with the challenge to take this into consideration when investigating the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals. This review first provides a brief overview of the fundamental approaches for mixture toxicity assessment, which is then followed by a critical review on the empirical evidence that is currently at hand on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures. It is concluded that, while the classical concepts of Concentration Addition and Independent Action (Response Addition) provide a robust scientific footing, several knowledge gaps remain. This includes in particular the need for more and better empirical data on the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures on soil organisms as well as marine flora and fauna, and exploring the quantitative consequences of toxicokinetic, toxicodynamic and ecological interactions. Increased focus should be put on investigating the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures in environmentally realistic settings.

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Screening level mixture risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in STP effluents

10.7287/peerj.preprints.12v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Backhaus ◽

Maja Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Single Substance ◽

Rough Approximation ◽

Realistic Assessment ◽

Few Data ◽

Mixture Risk Assessment

We modeled the ecotoxicological risks of the pharmaceutical mixtures emitted into the environment from STP effluents. The classic mixture toxicity concept of Concentration Addition was used to calculate the total expect risk of the analytically determined mixtures, compare the expected impact of seven effluent streams and pinpoint the most sensitive group of species. Single substance-based assessments underestimate the actual risks from pharmaceutical mixtures often by more than a factor of 1 000 in several of the surveyed effluent streams, clearly indicating the need to take the joint presence of pharmaceuticals into consideration in order to provide an environmentally realistic assessment for a given water body. The mixture risk quotients regularly exceed 1, indicating a potential risk for the environment, depending on the specific environmental conditions, in particular the dilution in the recipient stream. The top 10 mixture components explain more than 95% of the mixture risk in all cases. A mixture toxicity assessment cannot go beyond the underlying single substance data. The lack of data on the chronic toxicity of most pharmaceuticals as well as the very few data available for in vivo fish toxicity has to be regarded as a major knowledge gap in this context. On the other hand, ignoring Independent Action or even using the sum of individual risk quotients as a rough approximation of Concentration Addition does not have a major impact on the final risk estimate.

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Evaluation of an asymmetry parameter for curve-fitting in single-chemical and mixture toxicity assessment

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 292 (2-3) ◽

pp. 156-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Douglas A. Dawson ◽

Nicole Genco ◽

Heather M. Bensinger ◽

Daphne Guinn ◽

Zachary J. Il’Giovine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Curve Fitting ◽

Asymmetry Parameter ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Single Chemical ◽

Fitting In

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Mixture Toxicity Assessment of Nickel and Chlorpyrifos in the Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-010-9529-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mohamed Banni ◽

Jamel Jebali ◽

Hamadi Guerbej ◽

Francesco Dondero ◽

Hamadi Boussetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Toxicity Assessment

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QSAR Analysis in Mixture Toxicity Assessment

SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research ◽

10.1080/10629369808039154 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 9 (3-4) ◽

pp. 155-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Tichý ◽

M. Cikrt ◽

Z. Roth ◽

M. Rucki

Keyword(s):

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Qsar Analysis

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Pesticide mixture toxicity assessment through in situ and laboratory approaches using embryo-larval stages of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas)

Marine Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105390 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105390

Author(s):

Eliška Kuchovská ◽

Patrice Gonzalez ◽

Lucie Bláhová ◽

Mathilde Barré ◽

Corentin Gouffier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Oyster ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Pesticide Mixture ◽

Larval Stages ◽

The Pacific

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Status Quo in Data Availability and Predictive Models of Nano-Mixture Toxicity

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11010124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Tung X. Trinh ◽

Jongwoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Predictive Models ◽

Computational Models ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Current Data ◽

Data Availability ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Living Organisms

Co-exposure of nanomaterials and chemicals can cause mixture toxicity effects to living organisms. Predictive models might help to reduce the intensive laboratory experiments required for determining the toxicity of the mixtures. Previously, concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)-based models were successfully applied to mixtures of organic chemicals. However, there were few studies concerning predictive models for toxicity of nano-mixtures before June 2020. Previous reviews provided comprehensive knowledge of computational models and mechanisms for chemical mixture toxicity. There is a gap in the reviewing of datasets and predictive models, which might cause obstacles in the toxicity assessment of nano-mixtures by using in silico approach. In this review, we collected 183 studies of nano-mixture toxicity and curated data to investigate the current data and model availability and gap and to derive research challenges to facilitate further experimental studies for data gap filling and the development of predictive models.

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