Valuing the non-use benefits of marine conservation zones: An application to the UK Marine Bill

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair McVittie ◽  
Dominic Moran
Keyword(s):  
Marine Conservation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Conservation Zones

scholarly journals Strongholds of Ostrea edulis populations in estuaries in Essex, SE England and their association with traditional oyster aquaculture: evidence to support a MPA designation

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Allison ◽  
Malcolm Hardy ◽  
Kate Hayward ◽  
Tom C. Cameron ◽  
Graham J. C. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe flat oyster Ostrea edulis has declined significantly in European waters since the 1850s as a result of anthropogenic activity. Ostrea edulis was designated a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Species and Habitat in 1995, and as a Feature of Conservation Importance (FOCI) within the UK Marine & Coastal Access Act 2009. To promote the recovery of oyster beds, a greater understanding of its abundance and distribution is required. Distribution of O. edulis across the proposed Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne MCZ in Essex was determined between 2008 and 2012. Ostrea edulis were present in four estuary zones; with highest sample abundance in the Blackwater and Ray Sand zones. Size structure of populations varied, with the Ray Sand and Colne zones showing a significant lack of individuals with shell height <39 mm. Ostrea edulis occurred in highest number on shell substratum, followed by silty sediments. There were no significant associations between O. edulis abundance or size structure with water column Chl a, suspended solids, oxygen, nitrate or ammonium concentrations, temperature or pH. Highest abundance and most equitable population shell-size distribution for O. edulis were located within, or adjacent to, actively managed aquaculture zones. This suggests that traditional seabed management contributed to the maintenance or recovery of the species of conservation concern. Demonstration that the Essex estuaries were a stronghold for Ostrea edulis in the southern North sea area led to the designation of the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne estuaries Marine Conservation Zone in 2013.

scholarly journals Examining the ‘cultural sustainability’ of two different ways of governing fishing practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Knowledge Cultures ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
Fishing Practices

Research has suggested there is a need for an increased attention to the socio-cultural lifeworlds of fishers and fisheries and its importance for fisheries management. An emerging response to this call has been to examine the social and cultural contexts of ‘good fishing’ – an idea which, drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, has sought to move the discussion beyond simply the economic aspects of fishing to also understand the importance of other forms of capital. Utilising these concepts together with the conceptual idea of ‘knowledge cultures’, the following paper examines the ‘cultural sustainability’ of different ways of governing fishing practices – in particular Marine Conservation Zones and voluntary lobster v-notching using a case study approach to the small-scale fishery of Llŷn peninsula, North Wales (UK). The paper observes that those approaches that allow fishers to demonstrate skills and recognises the temporal contingency of fishing lives can be considered more culturally sustainable than others. This paper also notes that culturally acceptable changes to fishing practices can be supported by fishing regulations and, the paper suggests, such innovations are more likely to be taken up by fishers in their everyday fishing practices. The paper recommends that policies seeking to alter fishing practices consider: i) the importance fishers hold in demonstrating their skills; ii)how social relations are as important as economic aspects to fishers long-term uptake of new practices; and iii)the past and the future (such as if a successor is present) holds significance for fishers actions in the present.

scholarly journals From stormy seas to the doldrums: The challenges of navigating towards an ecologically coherent MPA network through England’s Marine Conservation Zone process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Lieberknecht ◽  
Peter JS Jones
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
South West ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
South West England

There is an on-going process to establish Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) in England, to form part of a coherent and representative network of marine protected areas under national and EU legislation. From 2009 to 2011, the MCZ process included strong participatory elements. Four regional multi-sector stakeholder groups developed MCZ recommendations collaboratively, in line with ecological guidance provided by the Government's nature conservation advisers. This guidance was based on Government policy principles, including that MCZs should be designated based on ‘best available evidence’. This paper analyses the multi-dimensional conflicts that emerged within the stakeholder group in south-west England, which were magnified by uncertainty about future MCZ management. In September 2011, after working through these conflicts through trade-offs and negotiations, the stakeholder groups jointly recommended 127 MCZs to Government. The process subsequently shifted to a top-down approach, with further stakeholder engagement limited to bilateral consultation. There was a concurrent shift in policy, from a broad-scale network-level focus towards single-feature conservation. A lengthy series of evidence reviews concluded that the existing evidence at the time was insufficient to progress with the designation of most sites, marking a clear departure from the policy principle of proceeding with the designation of a representative network based on ‘best available evidence’, and effectively undermining the work carried out by stakeholder groups. Though MCZ designation was originally timetabled for 2012, in November 2013 just 27 of the recommended 127 MCZs were designated in a first tranche. At the time, no clear timetable was in place for subsequent tranches.

scholarly journals Framing agents and victims in marine conservation narratives: The role of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganga Shreedhar ◽  
Laura Thomas-Walters
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Online Experiment ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
The Uk

Little evidence currently guides the conservation community in telling stories which can influence willingness to address fisheries bycatch. Research from behavioural science shows that people act less pro-socially when others are responsible for the outcome (responsibility diffusion), and when more victims need to be helped (compassion fade). We conduct the first test of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade in a marine context, investigating if media stories varying the type of actors responsible for fisheries bycatch (e.g., consumers and industry), and victims (e.g., a single species, multiple species, and ecosystems) matter. In a pre-registered online experiment (N = 1,548) in the UK, we find that attributing responsibility to both consumers and industry (rather than just consumers) increased support for fisheries policies (e.g., bycatch enforcement or consumer taxes). However, we find no effect from varying the type of victim.

scholarly journals Marine Conservation Begins at Home: How a Local Community and Protection of a Small Bay Sent Waves of Change Around the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce D. Stewart ◽  
Leigh M. Howarth ◽  
Howard Wood ◽  
Kerri Whiteside ◽  
William Carney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
At Home

Marine Conservation in the UK

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Campos Laborne Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Marine Conservation ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Marine protected areas in the UK: challenges in combining top-down and bottom-up approaches to governance

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. S. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThis review outlines the policy frameworks for marine conservation zones (MCZs) and marine special areas of conservation (SACs), which are the main components of the emerging UK marine protected area (MPA) network. If current recommendations are implemented, the coverage of MPAs in English seas could rise to 27%. The governance challenges that this will raise are explored through case studies of MPA initiatives in south-west England. Whilst the initial processes by which MCZ recommendations have been developed provided for stakeholder participation (bottom-up), the main steer has been from central government (top-down). The subsequent designation and implementation of MCZs is likely to be more top-down. Marine SAC processes have, by contrast, been top-down from the outset. The fishing industry fears that more MPAs will lead to increasing restrictions, whilst conservationists fear that MPAs will not be sufficiently protected, potentially becoming paper MPAs. Both argue that the burden of proof should be placed on the other party. Such combinations of top-down (central government-led) and bottom-up (community and user-led) approaches and the related conflicts are typical of government-led MPAs in temperate countries that have higher governance capacities. Top-down approaches tend to dominate, but this does not mean that they cannot be combined with bottom-up approaches.

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