Interaction and quadratic effects in probit model with endogenous regressors

AbstractLike the rest of the world, African countries are reeling from the health, economic and social effects of COVID-19. The continent’s governments have responded by imposing rigorous lockdowns to limit the spread of the virus. The various lockdown measures are undermining food security, because stay at home orders have among others, threatened food production for a continent that relies heavily on agriculture as the bedrock of the economy. This article draws on quantitative data collected by the GeoPoll, and, from these data, assesses the effect of concern about the local spread and economic impact of COVID-19 on food worries. Qualitative data comprising 12 countries south of the Sahara reveal that lockdowns have created anxiety over food security as a health, economic and human rights/well-being issue. By applying a probit model, we find that concern about the local spread of COVID-19 and economic impact of the virus increases the probability of food worries. Governments have responded with various efforts to support the neediest. By evaluating the various policies rolled out we advocate for a feminist economics approach that necessitates greater use of data analytics to predict the likely impacts of intended regulatory relief responses during the recovery process and post-COVID-19.

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Strengthening the Innovation Resilience of Polish Manufacturing Firms in Unstable Environments

Journal of the Knowledge Economy ◽

10.1007/s13132-021-00725-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Wziątek-Kubiak ◽

Marek Pęczkowski

Keyword(s):

Public Support ◽

Probit Model ◽

Manufacturing Firms ◽

Community Innovation Survey ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

Unstable Environment ◽

Innovative Resources ◽

Accuracy Of Prediction ◽

Second Period

AbstractThis study examines factors that increase resilience in innovation of Polish manufacturing firms in an unstable environment. Organizational resilience in innovation is the ability to continuously perform innovation in a turbulent environment and increase knowledge accumulation. In 2008–2012, Poland did not have crisis itself. Short-term slowdown of the economy was accompanied by a breakdown of innovation activities, with a medium-term effect. Based on the Polish Community Innovation Survey panel data for two periods: the innovation crisis (2008–2010), and the innovation pessimism period (2010–2012), this study shows which innovative resources change the probability of innovation continuity in the second period. In our probit model, we explore 42 factors of innovations. We found that financing, R&D and marketing increased the probability of continuity of innovation, but the influence of financing was the strongest. Persistence in innovation in turbulent times hence requires a change in the structure of innovation resources used. Due to the fact that public support on innovation did not increase the likelihood of the continuity of the innovation, a policy change is required. Reliability of our estimation is confirmed by accuracy of prediction of firms, which was 78.2%.

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Assisted reproduction in Spain, outcome and socioeconomic determinants of access

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-021-01438-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ido Alon ◽

Jaime Pinilla

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Research Question ◽

Public Funding ◽

Probit Model ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Fertility Survey ◽

Public Care ◽

Socioeconomic Determinants ◽

Public Clinics

Abstract Research question We analyzed two questions. First, the effectiveness of public Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Spain compared with private ones, measured by the time since initiating ART treatment until achieving pregnancy, accounting for age and socioeconomic factors. Second, socioeconomic determinants of access to ART, referring primarily to financial means derived by employment, income, and wealth. Design We applied statistical models on data extracted from the national Spanish Fertility Survey from 2018. The first topic was analyzed by competing risk survival analysis conducted on a sample of 667 women who initiate ART treatment since 2000. The second, by a Bivariate Probit model conducted on a sample of 672 women older than 41 years who required ART services. Results The first analysis raised that throughout the treatment, patients treated exclusively in private clinics had on average a higher cumulative incidence of becoming pregnant compared with patients who approached public clinics. The second analysis raised that both higher household equivalent income and higher education increase the likelihood of accessing ART in a private clinic and decrease the tendency of accessing public clinics or failing to access any service. Moreover, being single decreases the likelihood of accessing public clinics or ART services in general. Conclusions Long waiting periods could be the main reason for the lower incidence of getting pregnant in public healthcare, explaining why patients choose private over public care. We develop a broader discussion over the extent of Spanish public funding of ART, the unequal medical outcome, and potential options for optimization.

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Inference in a probit model for affiliation networks

Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods ◽

10.1080/03610926.2021.1873381 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Qian Wang ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Jing Luo

Keyword(s):

Probit Model ◽

Affiliation Networks

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Do the Heterogeneous Determinants of Repayment Affect Differently across Borrowers of Diverse Credit Sources in Rural Assam? A Double Hurdle Approach

Journal of Development Policy and Practice ◽

10.1177/24551333211031667 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 245513332110316

Author(s):

Tiken Das ◽

Pradyut Guha ◽

Diganta Das

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Probit Model ◽

Original Data ◽

Community Based ◽

Data Set ◽

Brahmaputra Valley ◽

Double Hurdle ◽

Instrumental Variable Probit ◽

Instrumental Variable Probit Model

This study made an attempt to answer the question: Do the heterogeneous determinants of repayment affect the borrowers of diverse credit sources differently? The study is based on data collected from 240 households from three districts in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam through a carefully designed primary survey. Besides, the study uses the double hurdle approach and the instrumental variable probit model to reduce possible selection bias. It observes better repayment performance among formal borrowers, followed by semiformal borrowers, while occupation wise it is prominent among organised employees. It has been found that in general, the household characteristics, loan characteristics and location-specific characteristics significantly affect repayment performance of borrowers. However, the nature of impact of the factors influencing repayment performance is remarkably different across credit sources. It ignores the role of traditional community-based organisations in rural Assam while analysing the determinants of repayment performance. The study also recommends for ensuring productive opportunities and efficient market linkages in rural areas of Assam. The study is based on an original data set that has specially been collected to examine question that—do the heterogeneous determinants of repayment affect the borrowers of diverse credit sources differently in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam—which has not been studied before.

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