AbstractThe functional polystyrene, (Cl-PS)2-CHCOOCH2CH2OH (designated as XPSt and coded P2) was prepared by ATRP at 1300C using CuCl and bipyridine as catalysts, 2,2-dichloro acetate-ethylene glycol (DCAG) as multifunctional initiator and THF as solvent. 4-Nitoroaniline azomethine-4’ phenol (P1) as chromophores were covalently linked to the functional end groups of the polymer by using simple displacement reaction. The functional polystyrenes, namely XPSt (P2) and (PS)2-CHCOOCH2CH2OH, designated as X-PSt and coded P3 and their post-derivatives, namely, DXPSt (P4) and DX-PSt (P5) respectively were characterized by IR, NMR and UV spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarising optical microscopy (POM) and XRD studies. DSC showed that incorporation of chromophores in the side chains of polymers towards the polystyrene moiety increases the rigidity of the polymer and subsequently, its glass transition temperature; however the incorporation of side chain towards the alcoholic functional group decreases the glass transition temperature. The post derivatives do not play any significant role to increase the thermal stability (TGA). There was evidence for liquid crystalline properties in the resulting polymer derivative DXPSt (P4) as observed from POM study, which defines the alignment of chromophores into the polymers. The XRD study shows crystalline behaviour of the polymer derivative, P4. The polymer derivative, DXPSt (P5) does not show such behaviour and this may be due to the bonding of azomethine towards the short chain alcoholic telechelic alcoholic sides of the copolymer.
Characterization of dynamics in complex lyophilized formulations: I. Comparison of relaxation times measured by isothermal calorimetry with data estimated from the width of the glass transition temperature region
