Emission targets and coalition options for a small, ambitious country: An analysis of welfare costs and distributional impacts for Norway

This paper is devoted to the estimation of welfare costs of inflation, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian economy. Theoretical approaches that are used in the literature to analyze the costs of inflation are discussed in the paper. It also provides an overview of the empirical studies of this topic. Research found in academic literature shows that the results of quantitative estimates are extremely sensitive to the choice of the functional form of the money demand equation, as well as to assumptions that are made to simplify the analysis, some of which do not fit Russian data. As a result, we have modified the standard approaches to estimating welfare costs of inflation, taking into account the monetization growth in Russia, and provide quantitative estimates of the magnitude of welfare costs of inflation. The results indicate a significant gain for economic agents in terms of real GDP with a decrease in inflation, which is regarded as a positive effect from the inflation targeting policy.

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Effectiveness and distributional impacts of payments for reduced carbon emissions from

Erdkunde ◽

10.3112/erdkunde.2009.04.06 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 365-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Thomas Knoke ◽

Michael Weber ◽

Jan Barkmann ◽

Perdita Pohle ◽

Baltazar Calvas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Emissions ◽

Distributional Impacts

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On the Scale and Welfare Costs of Procurement

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2388154 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Rob van der Noll

Keyword(s):

Welfare Costs

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The Distributional Impacts of Canada's Tax-Free Savings Accounts

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2791584 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ashraf Al Zaman

Keyword(s):

Savings Accounts ◽

Distributional Impacts

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Welfare Costs of COVID-19: Evidence from U.S. Counties

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3752163 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hakan Yilmazkuday

Keyword(s):

Welfare Costs

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Subsidising urban and sub-urban transport – distributional impacts

European Transport Research Review ◽

10.1186/s12544-019-0386-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nils Fearnley ◽

Jørgen Aarhaug

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

High Speed ◽

High Income ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Lower Income ◽

Distributional Effects ◽

Income Groups ◽

Economic Profile ◽

Different Levels ◽

Distributional Impacts

Abstract Background and methods This paper studies distributional effects of public transport (PT) subsidies focusing on the Greater Oslo region. We identify how different PT markets enjoy different levels of subsidies. We describe how subsidies are distributed along PT modes and their respective patronage. This is done by document studies and travel surveys, supplemented by expert inquiries. Results We find that high-income groups, served by regional trains and high-speed crafts, receive large per passenger and per passenger-kilometre subsidy, while lower-income areas, typically served by local and regional buses, metros and local trains, receive lower subsidies per passenger. Peak traffic receives higher subsidies than off-peak traffic. The overall distributional profile is, however, found to be moderately progressive, in particular because of the socio-economic profile of the average PT passenger relative to the population as a whole.

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