scholarly journals Stem girdling indicates prioritized carbon allocation to the root system at the expense of radial stem growth in Norway spruce under drought conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Oberhuber ◽  
Andreas Gruber ◽  
Gina Lethaus ◽  
Andrea Winkler ◽  
Gerhard Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Stem Girdling

Seasonally varying relationship between stem respiration, increment and carbon allocation of Norway spruce trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-955
Author(s):  
Eva Darenova ◽  
Petr Horáček ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Marian Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Stem Respiration ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stem Radial Increment

Abstract Stem respiration is an important component of an ecosystem’s carbon budget. Beside environmental factors, it depends highly on tree energy demands for stem growth. Determination of the relationship between stem growth and stem respiration would help to reveal the response of stem respiration to changing climate, which is expected to substantially affect tree growth. Common measurement of stem radial increment does not record all aspects of stem growth processes, especially those connected with cell wall thickening; therefore, the relationship between stem respiration and stem radial increment may vary depending on the wood cell growth differentiation phase. This study presents results from measurements of stem respiration and increment carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. Moreover, rates of carbon allocation to stems were modeled for these years. Stem respiration was divided into maintenance (Rm) and growth respiration (Rg) based upon the mature tissue method. There was a close relationship between Rg and daily stem radial increment (dSRI), and this relationship differed before and after dSRI seasonal maximum, which was around 19 June. Before this date, Rg increased exponentially with dSRI, while after this date logarithmically. This is a result of later maxima of Rg and its slower decrease when compared with dSRI, which is connected with energy demands for cell wall thickening. Rg reached a maxima at the end of June or in July. The maximum of carbon allocation to stem peaked in late summer, when Rg mostly tended to decrease. The overall contribution of Rg to stem CO2 efflux amounted to 46.9% for the growing period from May to September and 38.2% for the year as a whole. This study shows that further deeper analysis of in situ stem growth and stem respiration dynamics is greatly needed, especially with a focus on wood formation on a cell level.

Response of the fine root system in a Norway spruce stand to 13 years of reduced atmospheric nitrogen and acidity input

2010 ◽  
Vol 339 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Zang ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
Werner Borken
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen

Carbon allocation in Euphorbia esula and neighbours after defoliation

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret E Olson ◽  
Roseann T Wallander
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis

Weeds increase their dominance in a grazed plant community by avoiding herbivory and (or) by tolerating herbivory more than neighbouring plants. After defoliation, allocating carbon to shoots at the expense of roots may confer tolerance. We determined carbon allocation patterns of undefoliated and recently defoliated (75% clipping level) plants of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) growing with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), or Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer). Plants were labeled with 13CO2 24 h after clipping to determine allocation patterns; all plants had equal access to the 13CO2. Based on relative distribution of 13C, defoliation did not affect the amount of carbon allocated to roots of E. esula. The amount of carbon allocated to shoots of E. esula was higher when growing with P. pratensis than when growing with the other species. Based on relative enrichment of 13C, defoliation increased sink strength of remaining shoots on defoliated E. esula plants. Conversely, roots of unclipped E. esula plants were stronger sinks for carbon than roots of clipped plants. Even though defoliation increased "sink strength" of remaining shoots of E. esula, the amount of carbon allocated to the root system was unaffected by defoliation, suggesting that uninterrupted allocation of carbon to its extensive root system, not increased allocation to its shoot system, confers grazing tolerance.

Changes in light spectra modify secondary compound concentrations and BVOC emissions of Norway spruce seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Ghimire ◽  
Jarmo Holopainen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra

Our objective was to study how changes in the light spectra affects growth, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, carotenoid, terpene, alkaloid and phenolic concentrations, and BVOC (biogenic volatile organic compound) emissions of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. This study was conducted during the growth of the third needle generation in plant growth chambers. Two light spectra with the main difference in proportion of blue light (400-500 nm) and equal photon flux densities were provided by LED (light-emitting diode) lamps: 1) control (white light + 12 % blue light) and 2) increased blue light (+B) (white light + 45% blue light). The +B treatment increased needle concentrations of total flavonoids and acetophenones. The major changes in the phenolic profile were an accumulation of astragalin derivatives and the aglycone of picein. +B decreased concentrations of the main alkaloid compound, epidihydropinidine, and it’s precursor, 2-methyl-6-propyl-1,6-piperideine, emission rates of limonene, myrcene and total monoterpenes, and concentrations of a few terpenoid compounds, mainly in stems. Growth, needle carbohydrates and pigments were not affected. The results suggest that supplemental blue light shifts carbon allocation between secondary metabolism routes, from alkaloid and terpenoid synthesis to flavonoid and acetophenone synthesis. The changes may affect herbivory and abiotic stress tolerance of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Crown structure and stem growth of Norway spruce undergrowth under varying shading.

Silva Fennica ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilppo Greis ◽  
Seppo Kellomäki
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Crown Structure

scholarly journals Response of the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) root system to changing humidity and temperature conditions of the site

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mauer ◽  
R. Bagár ◽  
E. Palátová
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Root Vitality ◽  
Equal Height

The Bohemian-Moravian Upland shows a large-scale decline and dieback of Norway spruce up to the forest altitudinal vegetation zone (FAVZ) 5. This phenomenon has been observed in the last 7 years and its progress is rapid. Healthy, declining and standing dry trees of equal height were mutually compared in nine forest stands (aged 3–73 years). These parameters were measured: increment dynamics, root system architecture, biomass, fine root vitality and mycorrhiza, infestation by biotic and abiotic agents. Analyses were done for 414 trees, soil characteristics and weather course data covered the period 1961–2004. Warming and precipitation deficit are the predisposition factors. Weakened trees are aggressively infested by the honey fungus (<I>Armillaria mellea</I>), and they die from root rots. In this paper we describe the mechanism of damage to and dieback of the spruce trees concerned.

Functions for biomass and basic density of stem, crown and root system of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Denmark

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S11) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Peter Skovsgaard ◽  
Caroline Bald ◽  
Thomas Nord-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Root System ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basic Density

Models relating stem growth to crown length dynamics: application to loblolly pine and Norway spruce

Trees ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry T. Valentine ◽  
Annikki Mäkelä ◽  
Edwin J. Green ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Crown Length

scholarly journals In vivo imaging and quantification of carbon tracer dynamics in nodulated root systems of pea plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Metzner ◽  
Antonia Chlubek ◽  
Jonas Bühler ◽  
Daniel Pflugfelder ◽  
Ulrich Schurr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Nodulated Root ◽  
Abiotic Stimuli

Legumes associate with root colonizing rhizobia that provide fixed nitrogen to its plant host in exchange for recently fixed carbon. There is a lack in understanding how individual plants modulate carbon allocation to a nodulated root system as a dynamic response to abiotic stimuli. One reason is that most approaches are based on destructive sampling, making quantification of localized carbon allocation dynamics in the root system difficult. We established an experimental workflow for routinely using non-invasive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to follow the allocation of leaf-supplied 11C tracer towards individual nodules in a three-dimensional (3D) root system of pea (Pisum sativum). Nitrate was used for triggering the shutdown of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) expected to rapidly affect carbon allocation dynamics in the root-nodule system. This nitrate treatment lead to a reduction of 11C tracer allocation to nodules by 40% - 47% in 5 treated plants while the variation in control plants was less than 11%. The established experimental pipeline enabled for the first time that several plants could consistently be labelled and measured using 11C tracer in a PET approach to quantify C-allocation to individual nodules following a BNF shutdown. This demonstrates the strength of using 11C tracers in a PET approach for non-invasive quantification of dynamic carbon allocation in several growing plants over several days. A major advantage of the approach is the possibility to investigate carbon dynamics in small regions of interest in a 3D system such as nodules in comparison to whole plant development.

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