scholarly journals Application of biochar to soils may result in plant contamination and human cancer risk due to exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Kang Xia ◽  
Michael Gatheru Waigi ◽  
Yanzheng Gao ◽  
Emmanuel Stephen Odinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Plant Contamination

scholarly journals Classroom Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jeddah Primary Schools, Saudi Arabia: Level, Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Alghamdi ◽  
Salwa K. Hassan ◽  
Noura A. Alzahrani ◽  
Marwan Y. Al Sharif ◽  
Mamdouh I. Khoder
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Suburban Schools ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Data concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jeddah’s schools, Saudi Arabia, and their implications for health risks to children, is scarce. Classroom air conditioner filter dusts were collected from primary schools in urban, suburban and residential areas of Jeddah. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of classroom-dust-bound PAHs and the health risks to children of PAH exposure. Average PAH concentrations were higher in urban schools than suburban and residential schools. Benzo (b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(ghi)perylene (BGP), chrysene (CRY) and Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA) at urban and suburban schools and BbF, BGP, fluoranthene (FLT) and indeno (1, 2, 3, −cd)pyrene (IND) at residential schools were the dominant compounds in classroom dust. PAHs with five aromatic rings were the most abundant at all schools. The relative contribution of the individual PAH compounds to total PAH concentrations in the classroom dusts of schools indicate that the study areas do share a common source, vehicle emissions. Based on diagnostic ratios of PAHs, they are emitted from local pyrogenic sources, and traffic is the significant PAH source, with more significant contributions from gasoline-fueled than from diesel cars. Based on benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPequi) calculations, total carcinogenic activity (TCA) for total PAHs represent 21.59% (urban schools), 20.99% (suburban schools), and 18.88% (residential schools) of total PAH concentrations. DBA and BaP were the most dominant compounds contributing to the TCA, suggesting the importance of BaP and DBA as surrogate compounds for PAHs in this schools. Based on incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCingestion, ILCRinhalation, ILCRdermal) and total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR)) calculations, the order of cancer risk was: urban schools > suburban schools > residential schools. Both ingestion and dermal contact are major contributors to cancer risk. Among PAHs, DBA, BaP, BbF, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and IND have the highest ILCR values at all schools. LCR and TLCR values at all schools were lower than 10−6, indicating virtual safety. DBA, BaP and BbF were the predominant contributors to cancer effects in all schools.

Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil and sediments of Iran: a systematic review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary ◽  
Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari ◽  
Mohsen Hesami Arani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Accidental Exposure ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants containing several hydrocarbon rings affecting human health according to the published monitoring data. Most of these compounds can be absorbed by the soil and sediments due to the abundance of production resources of these compounds in the soil around the cities and sediments of the Iranian coast. Cancer risk assessment (CRA) is one of the most effective methods for quantifying the potentially harmful effects of PAHs on human health. In this study, the published papers that monitored PAHs in Iran’s soil and sediments were reviewed. The extraction of different data and their equivalent factors were performed according to BaP equivalent, which is the main factor for calculating CRA of PAHs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found in the sediments of Assaluyeh industrial zones (14,844 μg/kg), Khormousi region (1874.7 μg/kg), and Shadegan wetland (1749.5 μg/kg), respectively. Dermal exposure to sediments was 96% in adults, and 4% in children, and ingestion exposure to sediment was 99% in adults and 99.2% in children. Children dermal exposure to soil was 53%, and the accidental exposure to soil was 47%. In adults, dermal exposure to soil was 96% and the accidental exposure was 4%. The results of the present study indicated a significant, the carcinogenic risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of southern regions and soils of central regions of Iran is significant.

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