Thermal runaway in a prismatic lithium ion cell triggered by a short circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 102737
Author(s):  
Malcolm P. Macdonald ◽  
Sriram Chandrasekaran ◽  
Srinivas Garimella ◽  
Thomas F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell

Modeling Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using a Three Section Thermal Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Cai ◽  
Anna G. Stefanopoulou ◽  
Jason B. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Computational Speed ◽  
Section Model

This paper presents a model describing lithium-ion battery thermal runaway triggered by an internal short. The model predicts temperature and heat generation from the internal short circuit and side reactions using a three-section model. The three sections correspond to the core, middle, and surface layers. At each layer, the temperature-dependent heat release and progression of the three major side reactions are modeled. A thermal runaway test was conducted on a 4.5 Ah nickel manganese cobalt oxide pouch cell, and the temperature measurements are used for model validation. The proposed reduced order model based on three sections can balance the computational speed with the model complexity required to predict the fast core temperature evolution and slower surface temperature growth. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data, and it will be further improved with formal tuning in a follow-up effort to enable early detection of thermal runway induced by internal short.

scholarly journals High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisi Li ◽  
Vanessa León Quiroga ◽  
K. R. Crompton ◽  
Jason K. Ostanek
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Collector Plate ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell ◽  
Flow Through

High temperature gases released through the safety vent of a lithium-ion cell during a thermal runaway event contain flammable components that, if ignited, can increase the risk of thermal runaway propagation to other cells in a multi-cell pack configuration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow through detailed geometric models of four vent-activated commercial 18650 lithium-ion cell caps were conducted using two turbulence modeling approaches: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and scale-resolving simulations (SRS). The RANS method was compared with independent experiments of discharge coefficient through the cap across a range of pressure ratios and then used to investigate the ensemble-averaged flow field for the four caps. At high pressure ratios, choked flow occurs either at the current collector plate when flow through the current collector plate is more restrictive or the positive terminal vent holes when flow through the current collector plate is less restrictive. Turbulent mixing occurred within the vent cap assembly, in the jets emerging from the vent holes, and in recirculating zones directly above the vent cap assembly. The global maximum turbulent viscosity ratio (μT/μ) of the MTI, LG MJ1, K2, and LG M36 caps at pressure ratio of P1/P2 = 7 were 4,575, 3,360, 3,855, and 2,993, respectively. SRS and RANS simulations showed that both velocity magnitude and fluctuating velocity magnitude were lower for vent holes which are obstructed by the burst disk. SRS showed high levels of fluctuating velocity in the jets, up to 48.5% of the global maximum velocity. The present CFD models and the resulting insights provide the groundwork for future studies to investigate how jet structure and turbulence levels influence combustion and heat transfer in propagating thermal runaway scenarios.

scholarly journals Discharge by Short Circuit Currents of Parallel-Connected Lithium-Ion Cells in Thermal Propagation

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Koch ◽  
Alexander Fill ◽  
Katerina Kelesiadou ◽  
Kai Birke
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Currents ◽  
Thermal Propagation

The increasing need for high capacity batteries in plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles gives rise to the question of whether these batteries should be equipped with a few large capacity cells or rather many low capacity cells in parallel. This article demonstrates the possible benefits of smaller cells connected in parallel because of discharge effects. Measurements have been conducted proving the beneficial influence of a lower SoC on the thermal runaway behaviour of lithium-ion cells. A second test series examines the short circuit currents during an ongoing thermal propagation in parallel-connected cells. With the help of a developed equivalent circuit model and the results of the test series two major system parameters, the ohmic resistance of a cell during thermal runaway R tr and the resistance post thermal runaway R ptr are extracted for the test set-up. A further developed equivalent circuit model and its analytical description are presented and illustrate the great impact of R ptr on the overall discharged capacity. According to the model, cells with a capacity of no more than C cell = 10–15 Ah and a parallel-connection of 24 cells show the most potential to discharge a significant amount.

Quantification of Lithium-ion Cell Thermal Runaway Energetics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Orendorff ◽  
Joshua Lamb ◽  
Leigh Anna Marie Steele ◽  
Scott Wilmer Spangler ◽  
Jill Louise Langendorf
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell

scholarly journals Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries without Internal Short Circuit

Joule ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Dongsheng Ren ◽  
Hungjen Hsu ◽  
Xuning Feng ◽  
Gui-Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Internal Short Circuit

Designs to Prevent Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Cell Shipping Packages

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-01 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Judith Jeevarajan ◽  
Tapesh Joshi ◽  
Daniel Juarez Robles ◽  
Kanarindhana Kathirvel
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell
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