Centralisation of Care for Prevalent Urological Malignancies: The Case for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies. Improved diagnostic methods and widespread implementation of mandatory prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in a number of clinics have led to an increase in the number of timely diagnosed cases of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer, as well as to the expansion of indications for radical therapies. Nevertheless, 30 % to 50 % of patients (depending on their risk) develop biochemical relapse after surgery or radiotherapy. Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is usually a result of disease progression after radical treatment and long-term androgen-deprivation therapy, which manifests by constant increase in the PSA level along with castrate level of testosterone and no distant metastases according to the results of comprehensive radiological examination. A number of large clinical studies have demonstrated that regular examinations and control of PSA doubling time (main prognostic factor associated with poor disease outcome) are crucial to increase survival and prevent the development of distant metastases.This paper aims to provide an overview of existing literature on the problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We have analyzed large randomized studies that demonstrated an increase in the overall survival of patients receiving selective androgen receptor antagonists.

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Obesity, Aging and Immunity in Prostate Cancer**Sections of this chapter were published previously in Mydlo JH, Kanter JL, Kral JG and Macchia RJ. Obesity, diet and other factors in urological malignancies: a review. Br. J. Urol. 1999; 83:225–34 are reproduced with permission from Blackwell Science Ltd.

Prostate Cancer ◽

10.1016/b978-012286981-5/50021-5 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 175-184

Author(s):

Jack H. Mydlo

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Urological Malignancies

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Fucosylation in Urological Cancers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13333

Author(s):

Kazutoshi Fujita ◽

Koji Hatano ◽

Mamoru Hashimoto ◽

Eisuke Tomiyama ◽

Eiji Miyoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Biological Function ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Urological Cancers ◽

Urological Malignancies ◽

Signaling Receptors ◽

Resistance To Chemotherapy ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Fucosylation is an oligosaccharide modification that plays an important role in immune response and malignancy, and specific fucosyltransferases (FUTs) catalyze the three types of fucosylations: core-type, Lewis type, and H type. FUTs regulate cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and resistance to chemotherapy by modifying the glycosylation of signaling receptors. Oligosaccharides on PD-1/PD-L1 proteins are specifically fucosylated, leading to functional modifications. Expression of FUTs is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. Aberrant fucosylation in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) could be used as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer. Furthermore, elucidation of the biological function of fucosylation could result in the development of novel therapeutic targets. Further studies are needed in the field of fucosylation glycobiology in urological malignancies.

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