Advance care planning in the older person: From research to clinical practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. S14
Author(s):  
N. Van Den Noortgate
Author(s):  
Anjali Mullick ◽  
Jonathan Martin

Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of formal decision-making that aims to help patients establish decisions about future care that take effect when they lose capacity. In our experience, guidance for clinicians rarely provides detailed practical advice on how it can be successfully carried out in a clinical setting. This may create a barrier to ACP discussions which might otherwise benefit patients, families and professionals. The focus of this paper is on sharing our experience of ACP as clinicians and offering practical tips on elements of ACP, such as triggers for conversations, communication skills, and highlighting the formal aspects that are potentially involved. We use case vignettes to better illustrate the application of ACP in clinical practice.


2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Jessica Reardon ◽  
Anne Schuster ◽  
Matthew Weiss ◽  
Catalina Suarez-Cuervo ◽  
Fabian Johnston ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
M. Zwakman ◽  
M. M. Milota ◽  
A. van der Heide ◽  
L. J. Jabbarian ◽  
I. J. Korfage ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Patients’ readiness for advance care planning (ACP) is often considered a prerequisite for starting ACP conversations. Healthcare professionals’ uncertainty about patients’ readiness hampers the uptake of ACP in clinical practice. This study aims To determine how patients’ readiness is expressed and develops throughout an ACP conversation. Methods A qualitative sub-study into the ACTION ACP conversations collected as part of the international Phase III multicenter cluster-randomized clinical trial. A purposeful sample was taken of ACP conversations of patients with advanced lung or colorectal cancer who participated in the ACTION study between May 2015 and December 2018 (n = 15). A content analysis of the ACP conversations was conducted. Results All patients (n = 15) expressed both signs of not being ready and of being ready. Signs of being ready included anticipating possible future scenarios or demonstrating an understanding of one’s disease. Signs of not being ready included limiting one’s perspective to the here and now or indicating a preference not to talk about an ACP topic. Signs of not being ready occurred more often when future-oriented topics were discussed. Despite showing signs of not being ready, patients were able to continue the conversation when a new topic was introduced. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should be aware that patients do not have to be ready for all ACP topics to be able to participate in an ACP conversation. They should be sensitive to signs of not being ready and develop the ability to adapt the conversation accordingly.


2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Panocchia ◽  
Roberta Minacori ◽  
Dario Sacchini ◽  
Luigi Tazza ◽  
Antonio G. Spagnolo

La decisione sull’accesso o la sospensione del trattamento dialitico in pazienti con insufficienza renale cronica (IRC) attualmente ruota intorno al riconoscimento di quei pazienti per i quali non è indicato. Pertanto, l’iniziale questione etica secondo cui occorreva assicurare il trattamento a tutti i numerosi pazienti che avrebbero potuto ottenerne un beneficio, è stata avvicendata da un problema opposto: individuare, tra i molti candidati alla dialisi, coloro che non ne ricaverebbero un beneficio apprezzabile. Laddove, infatti, il trattamento non sia in grado di offrire i benefici medici attesi, configurando una vera e propria futilità medica oppure laddove la gravosità imposta dal trattamento (effetti collaterali, complicanze, ecc.) superi i benefici che questo è in grado di offrire al paziente, è eticamente appropriato non iniziare (o eventualmente sospendere) il trattamento stesso. Alcune società scientifiche specialistiche già da anni hanno elaborato specifiche linee-guida (l-g). Il contributo si sofferma in particolare sull’ultima versione della Shared Decision Making in the Appropriate Initiation of and Withdrawal from Dialysis, Clinical Practice Guideline della Renal Physician Association (RPA) statunitense, la quale tiene conto dei mutamenti epidemiologici e, conseguentemente, dei nuovi criteri clinici utilizzabili per la gestione dei pazienti con IRC eleggibili per il trattamento dialitico: principalmente l’età sempre più avanzata e le comorbidità cardiovascolari e metaboliche. La questione più cogente riguarda l’individuazione dei pazienti in cui il trattamento dialitico non è di giovamento in termini di sopravvivenza e qualità della salute. Inoltre le nuove l-g insistono sull’importanza dello shared decision making quale modalità elettiva di relazione medico paziente. Dal punto di vista bioetico, il documento registra significativi cambiamenti lessicali che profilerebbero altrettanti mutamenti culturali come, ad es., la sostituzione del termine consenso/rifiuto informato con l’espressione “informazione al paziente” oppure “direttive anticipate” con pianificazione anticipata delle cure (advance care planning). Nel presente articolo vengono esaminati alcuni articoli di commento a queste l-g, i quali argomentano a favore del superamento del “classico” paradigma fondato sull’autonomia a favore di un apparente recupero della beneficità/non maleficità. In appendice, viene offerta al dibattito la “Proposta di linee-guida etiche per un’appropriata indicazione al trattamento dialitico” nata dall’incontro tra la complessità dei casi clinici gestiti dall’Unità operativa di Emodialisi del Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” di Roma e la riflessione etica condotta nell’ambito delle consulenze di etica clinica fornite dall’Istituto di Bioetica dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore all’interno del Progetto “Servizio INTegrato di bioEtica Applicata” presentata la prima volta nel Corso di un Convegno scientifico nel 2010. ---------- The clinical issue of initiation of and withdrawal from dialysis for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is addressed evaluating for which patients the treatment is not indicated. Therefore, the initial question on the provision of dialytic procedure for all the patients who might obtain a benefit was alternated by an opposite problem: to understand, among the many candidates for dialysis, those who wouldn’t have a benefit. In fact, if the treatment is not able to offer the expected effectiveness, so configuring a medical futility or where the burdensomeness of the treatment (side effects, complications, etc.) exceed the benefits, it is ethically more appropriate not to start (or possibly withdraw) the treatment itself. Some scientific societies have edited specific guidelines. The article focuses on the last version of the Shared Decision Making in the Appropriate Initiation of and Withdrawal from Dialysis, Clinical Practice Guideline of the U.S. Renal Physician Association (RPA), that takes into account changes in epidemiology and clinical management of patients eligible for renal replacement treatment: mainly, increasingly advanced age, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and comorbidity. The most compelling clinical issue is the identification of patients whose dialysis treatment is not beneficial in terms of survival and quality of health. Moreover, the RPA guidelines highlight the relevance of shared decision making as elective way for the physician-patient relationship. From the bioethics perspective, some lexical changes could reflect cultural changes: e.g., the term informed consent/refusal has been replaced by “information to the patient”, as well as “advance directive” by advance care planning. Some commentaries to RPA guidelines argue in favor of the reverse of some paradigms of North American bioethics: for example the overcoming of principle of autonomy towards a presumed restore of the principle of beneficence/ non-maleficence. In the appendix, a “Proposal for ethical guidelines for an appropriate indication for dialysis treatment” is offered to the debate. The document born from a common reflection and interaction between Hemodialysis Unit personnel of “Agostino Gemelli” Teaching Hospital (Rome, Italy) and clinical ethics consultations provided by ethicists of the Institute of Bioethics of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Rome, Italy) along the SINTEA Project (Integrated Service for Applied Bioethics) presented for the first time during a scientific meeting in 2010.


2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532092654
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Bielinska ◽  
Stephanie Archer ◽  
Gehan Soosaipillai ◽  
Julia Riley ◽  
Lord Ara Darzi ◽  
...  

This study explores the views of advance care planning in caregivers of older hospitalised patients following an emergency admission. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight carers, mostly with a personal relationship to the older patient. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) working with uncertainty – it all sounds very fine. . . what is the reality?, (2) supporting the older person – you have to look at it on an individual basis and (3) enabling the process – when you do it properly. The belief that advance care planning can support older individuals and scepticism whether advance care planning can be enabled among social and healthcare challenges are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Simmons-Fields ◽  
Diane Burgermeister ◽  
David Svinarich ◽  
Patricia Hanson

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf J. Jox ◽  
Francesca Bosisio ◽  
Eve Rubli Truchard

Zusammenfassung. Die Palliative Care muss sich im Zuge des demographischen Wandels vieler Gesellschaften rund um den Globus tiefgreifend wandeln. Sie muss mehr und mehr mit der Geriatrie zusammenarbeiten und geriatrische Expertise integrieren. Eine der zentralen Herausforderungen Geriatrischer Palliative Care ist die ethisch angemessene Therapieentscheidung für Menschen, die nicht mehr urteilsfähig sind. Nachdem der bisherige Ansatz herkömmlicher Patientenverfügungen erwiesenermassen enttäuscht hat, wird aktuell, gerade auch in deutschsprachigen Ländern, das systemische Konzept des Advance Care Planning (ACP) verfolgt. In diesem Artikel wird zunächst ACP mit seinen Zielen, Elementen und Effekten vorgestellt. Sodann wird gezeigt, weshalb es für Menschen mit Demenz eines adaptierten ACP-Programms bedarf und was ein solches demenzspezifisches ACP beinhalten muss.


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