P.0460 Insula longitudinal grey matter modification in first-episode and chronic psychosis: a MRI study

Aims:Affective deficits (flat affect, a diminished expression of emotion, anhedonia, and lowered ability to experience pleasure) are very common in schizophrenia. In emotion feeling, the crucial role of the insula, rather than of the primary somatosensory cortices, strongly suggests that the neural substrate for emotions is not merely sensorial. It is more likely that the activation of the insula representation of the viscero-motor activity is responsible for feeling of disgust. A recent MRI study demonstrated specific left anterior insular volume reduction in chronic schizophrenia patients: sustainable is the suggestion that emotion of disgust or of taste may be related to the experience of pleasure, which probably is compromise in schizophrenics.We investigated fMRI brain activations in first episode schizophrenic subjects with negative symptoms and in healthy subjects elicited by pleasant and unpleasant visual stimuli.Method:Ten first-episode schizophrenic subjects with normal IQ were recruited from the psychiatric service “SMILE” of San Salvatore Hospital and 10 healthy volunteers matched for age and education were scanned during observation of pleasant and unpleasant visual stimuli. Functional images were acquired with a 1.5T MRI scanner. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast was obtained using EPI T2* weighted images.Results:The most important result of the study was the demonstration that anterior insula was activated by the exposure to disgusting stimula in normal subjects but not in schizophrenic subjects.Conclusion:This failure of the neural systems used to support emotional attribution is consistent with pervasive problems in experiencing emotions by schizophrenics.

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Lateral ankle instability-induced neuroplasticity in brain grey matter: A voxel-based morphometry MRI study

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.jsams.2021.06.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao’ao Xue ◽

Yuyang Zhang ◽

Shengkun Li ◽

Hanlin Xu ◽

Shuang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grey Matter ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Lateral Ankle ◽

Lateral Ankle Instability ◽

Mri Study

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A-8 Developmental Cognitive Phenotypes in First-Episode Psychosis and Longitudinal Cognitive Change Following Antipsychotic Treatment

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1030-1030

Author(s):

Milena Y Gotra ◽

Elmma Khalid ◽

Madison M Dykins ◽

Scot K Hill

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Antipsychotic Medication ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Group ◽

Cognitive Improvement ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Chronic Psychosis

Abstract Objective The present study applied a developmentally based subgrouping procedure previously examined in chronic psychosis patients to a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and examined change in cognition following treatment with antipsychotic medication. Method Medication naïve FEP patients (n = 119; age = 27.96; 63.9% male; 62.2% White, 32.8% Black, 5.0% Other) recruited during initial hospitalization were categorized into groups based on 1) estimated premorbid intellectual ability and 2) the discrepancy between predicted (modeled on 151 healthy controls) and current cognitive ability. Consistent with findings from chronic psychosis samples, groups were characterized as Preserved (n = 46; average premorbid, no discrepancy), Deteriorated (n = 44; average premorbid, significant discrepancy), and Compromised (n = 29, low premorbid and current cognitive ability). A mixed analysis of variance was used to examine change in a composite cognitive score derived from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months. Results There was a significant group by time interaction [Figure 1; F(5.4142.4) = 2.81, p = 0.02] in which the Preserved group performed similar to healthy controls across all time points, the Compromised group demonstrated stable deficits after treatment, and the Deteriorated group diverged from the Compromised group at 6 weeks and 12 months. Discussion There is considerable cognitive heterogeneity in FEP at baseline and after initiation of antipsychotic medication. Findings of cognitive improvement in the Deteriorated group after treatment initiation suggests a differential response to antipsychotic medications that was not found in the Compromised or Preserved groups. Future work may benefit from examining medication and symptom severity as potential factors contributing to the unique change observed in the Deteriorated group.

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Changes in structure and perfusion of grey matter tissues during recovery from Ischaemic subcortical stroke: a longitudinal MRI study

European Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1111/ejn.13669 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 2308-2314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xinfeng Yu ◽

Linglin Yang ◽

Ruirui Song ◽

Yerfan Jiaerken ◽

Jun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grey Matter ◽

Longitudinal Mri ◽

Mri Study

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VARIATION IN GREY MATTER VOLUME WITH DEGREE OF INSIGHT IN FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AND CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.589 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 117 (2-3) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

J. McFarland ◽

D. Cannon ◽

H. Schmidt ◽

M. Ahmed ◽

S. Hehir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grey Matter ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Episode Psychosis

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WITHDRAWN: Anatomic differences in first episode schizophrenia: a deformation-based morphometry MRI Study

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.09.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Chunlan Yang ◽

Shuicai Wu ◽

Wangsheng Lu ◽

Yanping Bai ◽

Hongjian Gao

Keyword(s):

First Episode ◽

Mri Study ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

Deformation Based Morphometry

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Early striatal hypertrophy in first-episode psychosis within 3 weeks of initiating antipsychotic drug treatment

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291708004212 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 793-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

S. E. Chua ◽

Y. Deng ◽

E. Y. H. Chen ◽

C. W. Law ◽

C. P. Y. Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antipsychotic Medication ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Economic Status ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Group Differences ◽

First Episode ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Caudate Nuclei ◽

The Right

BackgroundWe and others have reported that patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis already have significant structural brain abnormalities. Antipsychotics seem to reverse subcortical volume deficits after months of treatment. However, the early impact of medication on brain morphology is not known.MethodForty-eight individuals in their first episode of psychosis underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning. Twenty-six were antipsychotic naive and 22 were newly treated with antipsychotic medication for a median period of 3 weeks. In each group, 80% of subjects received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The two groups were balanced for age, sex, handedness, ethnicity, height, years of education, paternal socio-economic status (SES) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score. Group differences in whole-brain grey matter were compared voxel by voxel, using Brain Activation and Morphological Mapping (BAMM) software. We also conducted testing of group differences with region-of-interest (ROI) measurements of the caudate nucleus.ResultsRelative to the untreated group, those receiving antipsychotic medication for 3–4 weeks had significantly greater grey-matter volumes in the bilateral caudate and cingulate gyri, extending to the left medial frontal gyrus. ROI analysis confirmed that, in treated patients, the right and left caudate nuclei were significantly larger by 10% (p<0.039, two-tailed) and 9% (p<0.048, two-tailed) respectively.ConclusionsEarly striatal grey-matter enlargement may occur within the first 3–4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Possible reasons for putative striatal hypertrophy and its implications are discussed.

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