Addiction and Violence Among People with Severe Mental Illnesses: An Updated Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S153-S153
Author(s):  
I. Khemiri ◽  
F. Fekih Romdhane ◽  
A. Belkhiria ◽  
J. Lamia ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity

IntroductionViolence has important relevance for the criminal justice and health care systems especially forensic psychiatry. Previous studies reported the relation between violence, mental illness and substance abuse. We purpose to investigate the association between addiction and violence among people with severe mental illness through a review of literature.Methodwe conducted a Medline and Pubmed literature search of studies published between “2000 and 2015”, combining the terms “psychotic disorders”, “addiction” “substance use disorder”.ResultsThe studies published showed that much of the excessive violence observed in patients with severe psychiatric disorders is due to co-morbid substance use. Increasing violence associated with substance use disorders in these patients had same level than that observed among subjects without severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing violence in subjects with substance use disorder but without severe mental disorders was higher than in patients with only severe mental disorders. In fact, mental disorders could increase the risk of installing on substance use disorders, and therefore increase the risk of partner violence. Among the substances used, if alcohol is frequently identified as a consumer risk for the emergence of violence among subjects with severe psychiatric disorders, stimulants could be causing more violence than alcohol.ConclusionsSevere mental illnesses are associated with violence. However, most of the excess risk appears to be mediated by substance abuse co-morbidity. This finding improves the need of prevention of substance use disorders and emphasizes the fact that patients with severe mental disorders are more often victims than perpetrators of violence.

Management of Chronic Mental Illnesses and Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Pallavi Sinha ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
Prerna Khanna ◽  
Amit Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
The Impact

There is vast literature available about prevalence and pattern of substance use in patients with Chronic mental illness such as Schizophrenia. Many of these studies have also investigated the issues related to the impact of substance use on the course and prognosis of the mental illness and vice versa. The factors affecting the use and its impact on treatment have also been studied to some extent in the Western countries. Estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder vary as a function of settings (e.g., community, hospital-in-patient vs. out-patient), demographic characteristics of the sample and assessment methods, with most prevalence rates ranging between15% to 65%. Patients with Chronic Mental illnesses and Substance use disorders are difficult to treat and many models for their management have been proposed. This chapter will deal with some of these issues.

Management of Chronic Mental Illnesses and Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Pallavi Sinha ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
Prerna Khanna ◽  
Amit Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
The Impact

There is vast literature available about prevalence and pattern of substance use in patients with Chronic mental illness such as Schizophrenia. Many of these studies have also investigated the issues related to the impact of substance use on the course and prognosis of the mental illness and vice versa. The factors affecting the use and its impact on treatment have also been studied to some extent in the Western countries. Estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder vary as a function of settings (e.g., community, hospital-in-patient vs. out-patient), demographic characteristics of the sample and assessment methods, with most prevalence rates ranging between15% to 65%. Patients with Chronic Mental illnesses and Substance use disorders are difficult to treat and many models for their management have been proposed. This chapter will deal with some of these issues.

Serious Mental Illness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim T. Mueser ◽  
Douglas L. Noordsy ◽  
Robert E. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

The high comorbidity between substance use disorders and serious mental illnesses is a significant challenge to traditional treatment systems that have historically treated psychiatric and substance use disorders with different providers and agencies. Defining characteristics of serious mental illness include difficulty with work, performing in school or parenting, social difficulties, and problems caring for oneself. Common serious psychiatric disorders include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and severe major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder. The epidemiology of substance use disorders in serious mental illness is reviewed, including prevalence, correlates, and onset and course of the disorder. The clinical consequences of substance use disorders in this population are devastating for every possible aspect of the illness. Common factors may increase vulnerability to both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. The principles of treating co-occurring disorders are based on modern integrated methods, as well as research on the effectiveness of integrated treatment.

Management of Chronic Mental Illnesses and Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 486-508
Author(s):  
Pallavi Sinha ◽  
Amit Garg ◽  
Prerna Khanna ◽  
Amit Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
The Impact

There is vast literature available about prevalence and pattern of substance use in patients with Chronic mental illness such as Schizophrenia. Many of these studies have also investigated the issues related to the impact of substance use on the course and prognosis of the mental illness and vice versa. The factors affecting the use and its impact on treatment have also been studied to some extent in the Western countries. Estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder vary as a function of settings (e.g., community, hospital-in-patient vs. out-patient), demographic characteristics of the sample and assessment methods, with most prevalence rates ranging between15% to 65%. Patients with Chronic Mental illnesses and Substance use disorders are difficult to treat and many models for their management have been proposed. This chapter will deal with some of these issues.

scholarly journals Co -occurring Mental Disorders among In-patients in a Substance use Disorder Treatment Center in Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
D M Makput
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Plateau State

Patients with psychoactive substance use disorders (SUD) often have co- occurring medical and mental disorders. This occurs as a result of a number of factors, for instance, drug abuse may facilitate the full expression of a latent psychiatric disorder; mental disorder may lead to SUD (drugs used for self- medication; or both SUD and mental disorders are caused by the same underlying brain deficit such as genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter abnormality, structural or functional abnormality, and so on. After obtaining ethical clearance, the case notes of all patients who were admitted in the Centre for Addiction Treatment and Research, (CATR) Vom, Plateau state throughout the first quarter of year 2019 were traced. A systematic random sample of every third consecutive patient was selected beginning with the first patient admitted and relevant data were collected and analyzed. A total of fourty- eight (48) in-patients were analyzed. Ninety -four percent (94%) of the patients were males, the mean age of 23.6 + 5 years with 46% being below 25 years of age. Fourty-six percent (46%) had cannabis as their primary drug followed by alcohol (32%) and opioids (28%). Only 1 % had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the SUD patients had co-occurring depression, nine percent (8%) had anxiety disorder, and five percent (4%) had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to their substance use disorder. In line with sustainable development goals (SDG) goal 3.5 which seeks to “strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”; identifying co-occurring mental disorders among patients with substance use disorders is one way of moving closer towards achieving this SDG.

Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders Among Homeless Veterans

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Sonya Gabrielian ◽  
Ashton M. Gores ◽  
Lillian Gelberg ◽  
Jack Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
United States Armed Forces ◽  
Homeless Veterans ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
Housing Outcomes

Mental illness and substance use disorders (SUDs) are strong risk factors for homelessness, regardless of Veteran status. This chapter describes the interplay between mental illness, SUDs, the co-occurrence of these disorders (CoD), and homelessness among Veterans; the authors consider military-specific experiences (e.g., combat) and factors associated with homelessness for both Veteran and non-Veteran adults (e.g., childhood adversity). They present epidemiology data on mental illness and SUDs among homeless Veterans, considering specific diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) and experiences (e.g., military sexual trauma) that are highly prevalent within or unique to persons who served in the United States Armed Forces. In addition, the authors present qualitative and quantitative data on pathways to homelessness for Veterans with mental illness, SUDs, and/or CoD, considering distinct pathways seen in special populations (e.g., women Veterans, who have high rates of trauma, and the newest cohort of Veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan). Last, the authors discuss supported housing outcomes for homeless Veterans with psychiatric disorders and SUDs. They discuss the utility of these programs for homeless Veterans with mental health problems and explore the influence of psychiatric disorders and SUDs among Veterans with poor supported housing outcomes.

scholarly journals An Overview of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for People with Severe Mental Illness

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie Galletly ◽  
Ashlee Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cognitive Remediation Therapy ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Varying Length

Cognitive remediation refers to nonpharmacological methods of improving cognitive function in people with severe mental disorders. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) can be delivered via computerised programs, of varying length and complexity, or can be undertaken one-on-one by a trained clinician. There has been a considerable interest in cognitive remediation, driven by recognition that cognitive deficits are a major determinant of outcome in people with severe, chronic mental illnesses. CRT has been shown to be effective, especially if combined with vocational rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Co -occurring Mental Disorders among In-patients in a Substance use Disorder Treatment Center in Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
D M Makput
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Plateau State

Patients with psychoactive substance use disorders (SUD) often have co- occurring medical and mental disorders. This occurs as a result of a number of factors, for instance, drug abuse may facilitate the full expression of a latent psychiatric disorder; mental disorder may lead to SUD (drugs used for self- medication; or both SUD and mental disorders are caused by the same underlying brain deficit such as genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter abnormality, structural or functional abnormality, and so on. After obtaining ethical clearance, the case notes of all patients who were admitted in the Centre for Addiction Treatment and Research, (CATR) Vom, Plateau state throughout the first quarter of year 2019 were traced. A systematic random sample of every third consecutive patient was selected beginning with the first patient admitted and relevant data were collected and analyzed. A total of fourty- eight (48) in-patients were analyzed. Ninety -four percent (94%) of the patients were males, the mean age of 23.6 + 5 years with 46% being below 25 years of age. Fourty-six percent (46%) had cannabis as their primary drug followed by alcohol (32%) and opioids (28%). Only 1 % had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the SUD patients had co-occurring depression, nine percent (8%) had anxiety disorder, and five percent (4%) had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to their substance use disorder. In line with sustainable development goals (SDG) goal 3.5 which seeks to “strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”; identifying co-occurring mental disorders among patients with substance use disorders is one way of moving closer towards achieving this SDG.

Some Aspects of Social Phobia and its Relationship with Substance use Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Dostanic ◽  
A. Djeric ◽  
J. Daragan-Saveljic ◽  
S. Raicevic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes

Social Phobia (SP) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorder, characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. People with social phobia have an intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and of doing things that will embarrass them. This excessive anxiety usually leads to avoidance behavior that can severely affect normal daily living. SP usually begins in childhood or early adolescence. There is some evidence that genetic factors are involved.A number of studies have emphasized the high co-morbidity of social phobia with a number of other psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. Though clearly elevated there is much debate as to the nature of this relationship. Substance abuse may develop if people try to self-medicate their anxiety and make thamselves more comfortable in social situations. Anxiety may be a result of alcohol or drug abuse due to a substance's anxiogenic effects or through protracted withdrawal syndromes. Substance abusers incur more pathological and unstable life circumstances, making them more susceptible to future stress and anxiety; and there may be a genetic susceptibility in some people which makes them vulnerable to both disorders.The purpose of this article is to summarize research findings on SP and its complex relationship with substance use disorder. Clinical anxiety and substance abuse both warrant treatment and in all likelihood, each helps perpetuate the other.

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