scholarly journals IL-10 is associated with increased mu-opioid receptor levels in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaer Zeki Al-Fadhel ◽  
Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽  
Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili ◽  
Michael Maes
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Drug Free

AbstractObjective:Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) and aberrations in endogenous opioids play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies which examined the associations between both systems in MDD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between β-Endorphin (β-EP), Endomorphin-2, and their mu-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in MDD patients.Method:The study included 60 depressed drug-free male patients and 30 matched controls. Serum β-EP, Endomorphin-2, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA techniques.Results:The results revealed a significant increase in serum β-EP, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 in MDD patients versus healthy controls. MOR levels were strongly associated with IL-10 levels. There were no significant correlations between endogenous opioids and IL-6 and IL-10.Conclusion:The results show that MOR levels may function as a possible component of the CIRS whilst there is no evidence that β-EP and EM-2 may modify the IRS. The significant correlation between MOR levels and IL-10 may be explained through central activation of the HPA-axis and increased B-cell numbers expressing MOR as a response to cytokine over-secretion in MDD.

scholarly journals Association of Mu-Opioid Receptor Variants and Response to Citalopram Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Garriock ◽  
Michael Tanowitz ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kraft ◽  
Vu C. Dang ◽  
Eric J. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mu Opioid

scholarly journals The Role of Dynorphin and the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Translational Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel David Clark
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous ligands dynorphins (DYN) have been implicated in the development or symptomatology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review covers a brief history of the development of KOR agonists and antagonists, their effects in healthy volunteers, and the potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder from a translational perspective. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in schizophrenia is based on several lines of evidence. Selective KOR agonists induce affective states in healthy volunteers with similarities to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies have shown increased DYN in patients with schizophrenia, although the data have been mixed. Finally, meta-analytic data have shown that opioid antagonists are associated with reductions in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The potential role of DYN/KOR dysfunction in major depressive disorder is also based on a combination of preclinical and clinical data. Selective KOR agonists have shown pro-depressive effects in human volunteers, while selective KOR antagonists have shown robust efficacy in several preclinical models of antidepressant activity. Small studies have shown that nonselective KOR antagonists may have efficacy in treatment-resistant depression. Additionally, recent clinical data have shown that the KOR may be an effective target for treating anhedonia, a finding relevant to both schizophrenia and depression. Finally, recommendations are provided for translating preclinical models for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder into the clinic.

The Effect of Desipramine upon Central Adrenergic Function in Depressed Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana B. Glass ◽  
Stuart A. Checkley ◽  
Eric Shur ◽  
Sheila Dawling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adaptive Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Uptake Of Noradrenaline ◽  
Drug Free

SummaryEleven drug free patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder have been treated with desipramine and given a clonidine infusion after 0, 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. The sedative and hypotensive effects of clonidine were significantly inhibited after three weeks of treatment with desipramine: a similar interaction was seen after one week of treatment although this just failed to reach statistical significance. The growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine was initially impaired, but increased significantly after one week of treatment. A significant reduction in the GH response occurred during the second and third weeks of treatment with desipramine. This last finding is interpreted as evidence of adaptive change of α2 adrenoceptors: the other changes can be explained by the known ability of desipramine to block the re-uptake of noradrenaline.

In major depression, increased kappa and mu opioid receptor levels are associated with immune activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽  
Suhaer Zeki Al-Fadhel ◽  
Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili ◽  
Michael Maes
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Simultaneous Activation ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Inflammatory System

AbstractObjective:This study was carried out to delineate differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls in dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) levels in association with changes in the β-endorphin – mu opioid receptor (MOR) and immune-inflammatory system.Methods:The present study examines dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin, MOR, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in 60 drug-free male participants with MDD and 30 age-matched healthy males.Results:Serum dynorphin, KOR, β-endorphin and MOR are significantly higher in MDD as compared to controls. The increases in the dynorphin/KOR system and β-endorphin/MOR system are significantly intercorrelated and are both strongly associated with increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Dynorphin, β-endorphin, KOR and both cytokines showed a good diagnostic performance for MDD versus controls with a bootstrapped (n = 2000) area under the receiver operating curve of 0.972. The dynorphin/KOR system is significantly decreased in depression with comorbid nicotine dependence.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that, in MDD, immune activation is associated with a simultaneous activation of dynorphin/KOR and β-endorphin/MOR signaling and that these opioid systems may participate in the pathophysiology of depression by (a) exerting immune-regulatory activities attenuating the primary immune response and (b) modulating reward responses and mood as well as emotional and behavioural responses to stress.

Is There a Delay in the Onset of the Antidepressant Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy?

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Rodger ◽  
Allan I. F. Scott ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

The severity of depression in 11 drug-free unipolar patients diagnosed with definite major depressive disorder was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression during a course (5–10 treatments) of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The degree of improvement after three treatments of ECT was six times greater than the improvement that occurred over the remainder of the course. Although depressed patients who recover with ECT require repeated treatments, the treatments early in a course of ECT can have marked antidepressant effect.

Platelet 5-HT1A receptor correlates with major depressive disorder in drug-free patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang-Jin Zhang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Sui Cheung Man ◽  
Roger Ng ◽  
Grainne M. McAlonan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Drug Free
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