The Effect of Desipramine upon Central Adrenergic Function in Depressed Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana B. Glass ◽  
Stuart A. Checkley ◽  
Eric Shur ◽  
Sheila Dawling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adaptive Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Uptake Of Noradrenaline ◽  
Drug Free

SummaryEleven drug free patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder have been treated with desipramine and given a clonidine infusion after 0, 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. The sedative and hypotensive effects of clonidine were significantly inhibited after three weeks of treatment with desipramine: a similar interaction was seen after one week of treatment although this just failed to reach statistical significance. The growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine was initially impaired, but increased significantly after one week of treatment. A significant reduction in the GH response occurred during the second and third weeks of treatment with desipramine. This last finding is interpreted as evidence of adaptive change of α2 adrenoceptors: the other changes can be explained by the known ability of desipramine to block the re-uptake of noradrenaline.

scholarly journals IL-10 is associated with increased mu-opioid receptor levels in major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaer Zeki Al-Fadhel ◽  
Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim ◽  
Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili ◽  
Michael Maes
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Drug Free

AbstractObjective:Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) and aberrations in endogenous opioids play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies which examined the associations between both systems in MDD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between β-Endorphin (β-EP), Endomorphin-2, and their mu-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in MDD patients.Method:The study included 60 depressed drug-free male patients and 30 matched controls. Serum β-EP, Endomorphin-2, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA techniques.Results:The results revealed a significant increase in serum β-EP, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 in MDD patients versus healthy controls. MOR levels were strongly associated with IL-10 levels. There were no significant correlations between endogenous opioids and IL-6 and IL-10.Conclusion:The results show that MOR levels may function as a possible component of the CIRS whilst there is no evidence that β-EP and EM-2 may modify the IRS. The significant correlation between MOR levels and IL-10 may be explained through central activation of the HPA-axis and increased B-cell numbers expressing MOR as a response to cytokine over-secretion in MDD.

Escitalopram in Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Zivkovic ◽  
G. Djokic ◽  
D. Pavicevic ◽  
V. Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and severe affective disorder with sleep disturbances and non-bizarre delusions which are organized in permanent and unshakeable delusional system. Neurobiological basis of MDD is still completely unknown, but significant role has serotoninergic and noradrenergic neuronal systems. Escitalopram is highly potent and highly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor.Purpose of this study was to estimate efficacy of the escitalopram in treatment of sleep disturbances in MDD.Methods:This prospective clinical study included 95 patients diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria for MDD, who are randomly divided into control (30 patients) and experimental group (65 patients). Patients were observed for 6 months in hospital and outpatients conditions, according to specially designed protocol, which included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Leeds Sleeping Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). Control group was treated with maprotiline (75-150 mg/24h) and experimental group with escitalopram (10-20 mg/24h).Results:Escitalopram therapy influenced on HAMD score with high statistical significance vs. maprotiline, p=0.000. Escitalopram therapy improves LSEQ score after 6 months in comparison to maprotiline therapy with high statistical significance p=0.000. Percentage of adverse effects is significantly lower in escitalopram (10.76%) than in maprotiline (26.67%) group.Conclusion:Escitalopram has significantly better efficacy and lower adverse effects rate in treatment of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in MDD patients comparing to maprotiline.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Secretion in Children and Adolescents at High Risk for Major Depressive Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
Ronald E. Dahl ◽  
Douglas E. Williamson ◽  
James M. Perel ◽  
David A. Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Major Depressive

Alternative diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in patients with chronic pain

Pain ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith G. Wilson ◽  
Samuel F. Mikail ◽  
Joyce L. DʼEon ◽  
Joanne E. Minns
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Major Depressive

How many different ways do patients meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zimmerman ◽  
William Ellison ◽  
Diane Young ◽  
Iwona Chelminski ◽  
Kristy Dalrymple
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Major Depressive

Is There a Delay in the Onset of the Antidepressant Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy?

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Rodger ◽  
Allan I. F. Scott ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

The severity of depression in 11 drug-free unipolar patients diagnosed with definite major depressive disorder was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression during a course (5–10 treatments) of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The degree of improvement after three treatments of ECT was six times greater than the improvement that occurred over the remainder of the course. Although depressed patients who recover with ECT require repeated treatments, the treatments early in a course of ECT can have marked antidepressant effect.

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